BUSI 240 connect homework chapter 7 solutions complete answers

BUSI 240 connect homework chapter 7 solutions complete answers 

 

Joachim is the sales manager of a large car dealership. He wants to increase sales significantly over the next 12 months, and he and his staff have brainstormed several ideas to achieve this. Joachim now has to choose among these alternatives. Joachim is involved in the process of ______.

 

Place the steps in the rational decision-making process in the correct order, with the first step at the top.

 

A(n)       is a deviation between the current and desired situation.

 

The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution happens because _____.

 

______ occurs when people with vested interests present their interpretation of a problem or opportunity in an effort to influence the decision maker.

 

The process of making choices among alternatives with the intention of moving toward a desired state of affairs is known as ______.

 

Which of the following represents the first step in the rational decision making process?

 

Perceptual defenses cause us to ______.

 

The gap between "what is" and "what ought to be" is referred to as a(n) ______.

 

How do mental models affect the decision-making process?

 

Xavier met with his supervisor to discuss a problem he was having with a coworker. After listening for a few minutes, his supervisor said, "The problem is that you need to stop taking things so personally." This is an example of which limitation in effective problem identification?

 

An organizational culture that discourages complacency and satisfaction with the status quo is referred to as ______.

 

One of the problems with problem identification is that organizational decisions and actions are influenced by what attracts a manager's attention, rather than what is truly important. This is known as _______.

 

______ is the idea that, in decision making, people are limited by their ability to process information, their cognitive abilities, and the finite amount of time they have to make decisions.

 

Selecting a preferred alternative and then skewing other alternatives to make the chosen one appear to be "the best" is known as ______.

 

In the song "The Boxer", Paul Simon sings, "A man hears what he wants to hear and disregards the rest." This would be an example of ______.

 

Visual or relational images in our mind that fill in information we don't immediately see and help us understand and navigate in our surrounding environment are referred to as ______.

 

Scott wanted to buy a pre-owned car. Before he started shopping, he formed an idea of what he thought the price should be for the model he wanted, given age, and mileage. This estimate is an example of the ______.

 

What are ways to improve the process of identifying problems and opportunities?

 

The ______ refers to a decision maker's tendency to estimate the probability of something occurring by how easily we can recall those events.

 

The concept that decision makers process limited and imperfect information and rarely select the best choice is referred to as ______.

 

You're not looking for the sharpest needle in the haystack; you simply want one that is sharp enough to sew with. This is an example of ______.

 

The alternative that the decision maker prefers and that is used as a comparison with other choices is referred to as the ______.

 

The rational choice paradigm completely ignores the effect of ______ in human decision making.

 

We have a tendency to protect ourselves against threats to our self-concepts by blocking out bad news. This is referred to as ______.

 

Which of the following energizes us to make an initial preferred choice even before we have evaluated alternatives?

 

Sherri had never traveled to New York City before, but she had been on recent business trips to Albuquerque and Phoenix. When she learned that that the price of the hotel room she wanted was $260 per night, she was shocked because she thought that New York hotels would be priced similarly to those in Albuquerque and Phoenix. This is an example of the ______.

 

The ability to sense when a problem or opportunity exists and to select the best course of action without conscious reasoning is referred to as:

 

Janys was planning a trip to the beach. However, she recently saw a frightening video of a shark attack and she now thinks it is likely that there will be shark attack at the beach. This is an example of ______.

 

Mercy Hospital has developed a detailed set of plans to safeguard patients, staff, and hospital assets in the event of catastrophic situations, such as airplane crashes or terror attacks. This is an example of ______.

 

The old saying, "Close enough is good enough" is an example of ______.

 

When evaluating decisions, people often ignore or downplay the negative outcomes and overemphasize the positive outcomes of the decision. This is known as ______.

 

Emotions affect the evaluation of alternatives in the decision-making process in which of the following ways?

 

Thom is the marketing manager at a consumer products company. The expensive advertising campaign he planned hasn't yielded the results he expected, but rather than scrap it and try something else, he decides to invest more heavily in the campaign and run ads in more publications. This is an example of ______.

 

True or false: Emotional markers form our preferences for alternatives before we consciously think about our choices.

 

Jackson has had a lot of success in investing for his clients over the last few years, but his investments have soured this past quarter. Instead of re-evaluating his investment strategy, he tells himself that his investment decisions were sound and it's only a matter of time before the market turns around. This is an example of the ______.

 

Intuition relies on programmed decision routines that speed up our responses to pattern matches or mismatches. What term is used to describe these programmed routines?

 

Systematic thinking about alternative futures and what an organization should do to anticipate and react to those environments is known as ______.

 

Jake bought stock in a company several months ago and has seen it lose value ever since then. The stock is now worth less than half of what he paid for it, but he doesn't want to sell it now and accept the loss. He'd rather hold onto it, hoping that the stock will recover, even though he knows it is unlikely. This is an example of ______.

 

Tyler is a die-hard Iowa Hawkeyes football fan, and he just bought season's tickets. He tells everyone about the games the Hawkeyes won but doesn't seem to acknowledge the games they lost to some inferior opponents. This is an example of ______.

 

Apex Manufacturing realizes it has made a mistake in hiring its new CEO but, according to the employment contract, the company paid him a sign-on bonus of several million dollars, so they decide to keep him on. Which of the causes of escalating commitment does this represent?

 

Jacqueline is bidding against several other people on an item at an auction. She knows the bid is already too high, but she's doesn't want to give up, so she keeps bidding. This is an example of ______.

 

One of the problems with publicly establishing a preset level at which a decision is abandoned or reevaluated is that ______.

 

Jaime championed making changes in the company's employee benefits package but now sees that many employees are angered over the changes. Instead of suggesting modifications to her plan, she tells herself that she couldn't have implemented the project without others' help, so she isn't completely to blame. This is an example of the ______.

 

______ is the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized contribution.

 

The "inner feeling" or "gut instinct" we have when making a decision is known as      .

 

Place the following steps in the creative process model in the correct sequence, with the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom.

 

The tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value is referred to as ______.

 

Calculating the conventionally accepted "right answer" to a logical problem is referred to as ______.

 

You've gone to the movie theater to see the latest release by your favorite actor. Ten minutes into the film, you realize that it's a loser, but instead of walking out, you stay to watch the rest of the movie because you figure that you've already spent $9.50 for a movie ticket and $6.50 for popcorn. This is an example of ______.

 

Which of the following personality traits and values support an independent imagination?

 

Strategies to minimize escalation of commitment and confirmation bias include ______.

 

An organizational culture in which leaders recognize and accept reasonable mistakes as part of the creative process is referred to as a(n)       orientation.

 

True or false: Creativity helps us in the decision making process because it assists us in visualizing the future and seeing the impact of our alternatives.

 

Which are activities that build creativity in organizations?

 

The stage in the creative process model in which we put the problem aside, but our mind is still working on a solution in the background, is referred to as ______.

 

      thinking involves reframing the problem in a unique way and generating different approaches to the issue.

 

______ is a creative process that is focused on generating innovative solutions by applying both intuition and analytical thinking.

 

Creative people possess both practical and       intelligence.

 

Match each of the rules for design thinking (on the left) with a description (on the right) of its application in finding solutions.

 

People have a tendency to be more creative when they ______.

 

The degree to which employees influence how their work is organized and carried out is known as:

 

Art classes, impromptu storytelling, and acting are all forms of ______.

 

True or false: Employee involvement serves to strengthen employee commitment to the decision because they are involved in making the decision.

 

Under which of the following circumstances should employees be involved in the decision-making process?

 

Which of the following elements does design thinking draw on to help employees in the decision-making process? (Check all that apply.)

 

Which rule for design thinking stresses the importance of building low-cost prototypes as a rich form of communication?

 

Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement?

 

Which of the following are benefits of employee involvement in the decision-making process?

 

Under which of the following circumstances would employee involvement in decision making be preferable?

 

Rank the following actions in terms of the level of employee involvement in decision-making, placing the greatest level of employment involvement at the top.

 

______ involves complex calculations of data to produce a formula that points to the best choice of all alternatives.

 

Alicia has to order copier toner again, so she consults the online catalog of the company's office supply vendor to see if either of her company's approved brands is on sale. This is an example of a(n) ______ decision.

 

During a staff meeting, managers discussed the problem of reduced productivity in the manufacturing department. Gerry spoke up quickly and said, "The problem is that we need to provide more training for the employees in how to do their jobs." Which of the following best describes the problem with this manager's approach to identifying the problem?

 

The concept known as ______ states that, given several choices of action, decision makers will choose the alternative that they expect will offer the "best outcome" or the greatest satisfaction.

 

True or false: Decisiveness can negatively impact decision making because quickly forming an opinion on a problem or opportunity can short-circuit the decision-making process.

 

A ______ decision is one that has a "ready-made" solution because it has been resolved in the past.

 

Sophocles once said, "Quick decisions are unsafe decisions." This quote illustrates which of the following problems with problem identification?

 

Which statements are erroneous assumptions made by the rational choice view?

 

"If it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, and walks like a duck, it's probably a duck" is an example of the ______.

 

Amanda saw a new employee in the cafeteria and noticed that he was dressed conservatively and wore glasses. She knew that the accounting department had several openings and assumed that the new employee was an accountant. This is an example of ______.

 

When we are angry, we often rely on stereotypes to speed up the choice process. When we are optimistic, we pay less attention to details. These examples illustrate the role of _____ in the decision evaluation process.

 

According to research, we pay less attention to details and rely on a more programmed decision routine when we are ______.

 

Terri has always been the star salesperson in the company and relishes her accomplishments. She has never missed her sales quotas, but this quarter's numbers are looking bad. However, she refuses to worry and tells her assistant, "I didn't get to be the Salesperson of the Year for nothing!" This is an example of the ______.

 

The tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of action is referred to as ______.

 

Which statements are true about the self-enhancement effect?

 

The stage in the creative process model in which we suddenly become aware of a unique idea is known as ______.

 

Which associative play activity involves listing different dimensions of a system and the elements of each and then looking at each combination?