BUSI 240 quiz 6 solutions complete answers

BUSI 240 quiz 6 solutions complete answers 

 

________ occurs when people or work units oppose the behavior desired by the influencer and consequently refuse, argue, or delay engaging in the behavior.

 

Referent power is mainly developed through a person's interpersonal skills.

 

________ is the freedom to exercise judgment in an organization.

 

Office politics flourish when resource allocation decisions are ambiguous and complex with no formal rules.

 

Exchange, ingratiation, and persuasion are considered "hard" influence tactics.

 

Which of the following statements about countervailing power in organizational relationships is true?

 

Organizational politics can result in lower job satisfaction and high levels of work-related stress.

 

Extreme forms of assertiveness include bullying colleagues.

 

Ingratiation is part of a larger influence tactic known as

 

________ involves actively applying legitimate and coercive power to influence others.

 

Which of the following refers to the availability of alternative sources of resources?

 

________ is an integral part of exchange influence activities.

 

Within a highly cohesive team, ________ is(are) suppressed when conflict occurs.

 

The effectiveness of negotiating depends to some extent on the environment in which the negotiations occur. Three key situational factors are

 

Which of the following best describes relationship conflict?

 

Conflict is ultimately based on

 

Salespeople at Widget Co. complain that they lose sales bonuses when the production department is out of stock of a particular item. This sometimes causes customers to buy elsewhere rather than wait for the next production run. Meanwhile, production employees complain that salespeople don't appreciate the need to minimize inventory costs, for which production staff is rewarded. This instance is an example of conflict due to

 

Which model of negotiation depicts a purely distributive approach to negotiation because it illustrates that one side’s gain will be the other’s loss?

 

Which of the following precedes conflict outcomes in the conflict process?

 

When people experience relationship conflict, they tend to increase their reliance on communication with the other party.

 

________ behaviors may give the other side unrealistically high expectations, thereby motivating them to seek more from you in the future.

 

You have resolved a conflict with another department by offsetting your losses by equally valued gains. Which of the following conflict handling styles was used here?

 

Organizations should eliminate conflict in order to be more productive.

 

Initial offer points, target points, and resistance points represent three elements in the

 

People might gain power by convincing others that they have something of value.

 

Expert and referent power originate mainly from the power holder's own characteristics.

 

An employee's ability to influence others increases as the source of his or her power becomes more substitutable.

 

People have more power when their actions quickly affect many other people through the organization.

 

Even though your job entails that you should be visiting clients most of the time, you make it a point to stop by the office every day so your boss sees that you are working. This increases your power by increasing your centrality.

 

Networking is a form of influence that tends to increase the individual's expert and referent power.

 

As people become more powerful, they tend to become less goal-oriented, less motivated, and more focused on gaining additional power.

 

People with power over others have more difficulty empathizing.

 

Silent authority is also known as deference to authority.

 

Organizational leaders can minimize organizational politics by making decision rules more complex and ambiguous.

 

In organizational settings, power is defined as



Power is the ________ to change someone's behavior.

 

Which of the following statements about power is true?

 

In order to maintain the exchange relationship, the dependent party must have ________ over the dominant party.

 

Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the

 

Employees also have ________ power over their bosses through their feedback and ratings in 360-degree feedback systems.

 

Which of the following sources of power originates from the power holder's own characteristics?

 

The (perceived) ability to manage uncertainties in the business environment is a form of ________ power.

 

Which of the following are the three general strategies for coping with uncertainty?

 

People have ________ power when others identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them.



Which of these sources of power originates mainly from the person rather than the position?

 

Referent power is typically associated with

 

If people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others, then there is

 

Jazmin is quick to complain about Timothy's lack of contribution on the team. She threatens posting pictures of the team working without him for the manager to see. Jazmin is using ________ power.

 

Which of these refers to the degree and nature of interdependence between the power holder and others?

 

If you decided not to show up for work or school tomorrow, how many people would have difficulty performing their jobs because of your absence? The answer depends on your

 

Many professionals display their educational diplomas and awards on office walls to remind visitors of their expertise. This is an example of

 

Social networks exist everywhere because people

 

Social networks generate power throug

 

Which of the following is not a source of power in a social network?

 

Networking potentially increases a person's power by

 

"Strong ties" are

 

Which of the following is true about strong ties?

 

________ is your importance in a social network.

 

Your centrality in a social network is determined by your

 

________ refers to how much one is located between others in a network.

 

Betweenness gives power because the more of it you have,

 

________ is the number or percentage of connections you have in a network.

 

When a member of a network has shorter, more direct, and efficient paths or connections with others in the network, he or she has high

 

________ is the gap between two clusters in a network.

 

The more someone fills structural holes in a network, the more likely he or she is to

 

Which of the following is a consequence of power?

 

A person who has legitimate, reward, and coercive power over others in an organization is most likely to

 

Because of your ________, when asked to recommend someone for valued positions, other network members more readily think of you than of people outside the network.

 

Some minimal connection strength is necessary to remain in any social network, but strong connections aren't necessarily the most valuable ties. Instead, having weak ties (i.e., being merely acquaintances) with people from diverse networks can be more valuable than having strong ties (i.e., having close friendships) with people in similar networks. Why is this so?

 

________ is any behavior that attempts to alter someone's attitudes or behavior.

 

An influence tactic is called "soft" when it

 

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

 

Which of the following is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?



Which of the following is a form of "soft" influence tactic?

 

Extreme forms of ________ include bullying, such as through explicit reminders of one's obligations.

 

________ involves explicitly manipulating others' access to critical work issues for the purpose of changing their attitudes and/or behavior.

 

Forming a coalition



________ involves calling upon higher authority or expertise, or symbolically relying on these sources to support the influencer's position.

 

The effectiveness of ________ as an influence tactic depends on characteristics of the power holder, message content, communication medium, and the audience.

 

Which of the following does ingratiation include?

 

________ occurs when a speaker can be more persuasive by warning the audience about potential opposing arguments.

 

Persuasion works best

 

Angela wears a business suit to work every day in her job as a college business professor. Which of the following influence tactic does this refer to?

 

Which of the following is true about impression management?

 

The norm of reciprocity is a central and explicit theme in ________ strategies.

 

________ is an integral part of exchange.

 

________ is the strongest outcome of influence, whereby people identify with the influencer's request and are highly motivated to implement it even when extrinsic sources of motivation are no longer present.

 

People with expertise tend to have more influence using persuasion, whereas those with a strong legitimate power base are usually more successful applying

 

Influence tactics that rely on expert power

 

Benny approached his supervisor at the plant, and asked if he could have the upcoming Wednesday off, if he promised to work the midnight shift for Alexi that Friday. Which influence tactic was Benny using?

 

In which of the following ways are coalitions influential?

 

Organizational politics typically involve

 

People with high Machiavellian values tend to

 

People who seldom trust coworkers and tend to use cruder influence tactics have

 

Organizational politics may be reduced by

 

Employees who experience organizational politics from others have which of the following?

 

Organizational politics is suppressed when resource allocation decisions are

 

Your team is allocated a project involving a major client, the Beswick Company. Although the organization has many clients, this client, and project, is the largest source of revenue and affects the work of several other teams in the organization. The project requires continuous involvement with the client, so any problems with the client are immediately felt by others in the organization.



According to the model of power, your team has

 

Jamie, a member of your team, is the only person in the company with whom this client is willing to deal. It can be said that Jamie has

 

A new employee in the finance department of the Hogan Company prominently displays diplomas and past awards indicating his financial expertise..



What contingency of power is this person trying to increase?

 

What type of power is this employee most likely trying to attain?

 

At DoubleTalk, Inc., Joe, a supervisor, pushes his employees' performance by constantly checking their work and threatening them if they fail to keep their deadlines. After months of mistreatment, the employees get together and sign a letter to the human resources department to express their grievances.



Which form of influence is this supervisor using?

 

What form of influence are the employees using?

 

Krystal's boss in the accounting department initially rejected her proposal for a new budgeting process. So Krystal spoke to and received support from the heads of two departments that would benefit from the proposed budgeting process. She also found support from several coworkers in the accounting department because they believed the new budgeting process would be simpler and fairer. When Krystal's boss realized that several key people supported the new budgeting system, he agreed to test it in a pilot project.



What form of influence is Krystal mainly using here?

 

What other form of influence is Krystal using?

 

 

The most recent perspective on conflict is that an optimal level exists that is beneficial to the organization.

 

Constructive conflict tests the logic of arguments and encourages participants to reexamine their basic assumptions.

 

Constructive conflict refers to conflict between departments and their organizations.

 

Relationship conflict is apparent when the conflict is explained in terms of differences of opinion regarding tasks or decisions.

 

The lowest risk of conflict tends to occur in reciprocal interdependence situations.

 

Resource scarcity is a potential source of conflict in organizations.

 

Conflict tends to be higher when rules and procedures exist.

 

The yielding style of conflict resolution involves making unilateral concessions and unconditional promises.

 

The forcing style of conflict management presents the highest risk of relationship conflict and it should never be used to manage conflicts in organizations.

 

Integrators have direct authority over the departments they integrate, and they rely on legitimate power to manage conflict and accomplish the work.

 

Increasing resources and creating more precise rules for the allocation of those resources represent two ways to increase conflict.

 

Skilled negotiators adopt a strong information-sharing style at the beginning of negotiations.

 

Negotiators tend to avoid "hardline" behaviors when they know an audience is watching them.

 

Which of the following is an advantage of having moderate levels of organizational conflicts?

 

The "optimal conflict" perspective on organizational conflict is that

 

Which of the following is a major advantage of having moderate levels of organizational conflicts?

 

________ is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.

 

Which of the following are negative consequences of conflict?

 

Who remarked that the "friction" of conflict should be put to use rather than treated as an unwanted consequence of differences?

 

According to the emerging view on organizational conflict, the two types of conflict are

 

Constructive conflict

 

Based on the characteristics of constructive conflicts, which of the following would help a manager create constructive conflicts during a debate?

 

Relationship conflict usually causes people to

 

Effective managers should

 

What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship conflicts?

 

When team norms encourage ________, team members learn to appreciate honest dialogue without personally reacting to any emotional display during the disagreements.

 

According to the literature, which organizational conflict is a positive application of conflict in organizations?

 

Research has found that teams with low relationship conflict use ________ to maintain positive group emotions.

 

Which of the following immediately follows conflict perceptions and emotions in the conflict process?

 

Which of the following sources of conflict is typically associated with mergers and acquisitions, where everyone wants the company to succeed, but they fight over the "right way" to do things because of their unique experiences in the separate companies?

 

Situations with both ________ produce the highest risk of conflict.

 

The potential for conflict between two employees would be highest under conditions of ________ interdependence.

 

When two people agree on a goal but have different beliefs about how to achieve the goal, they are experiencing 

 

Jerry works at the bread factory. He is responsible for taking the dough and putting it through the processor, which cuts the dough into loaf size balls. Tonight, the dough makers are being really slow and do not seem concerned about the rest of the process. This scenario is at risk for conflict due to

 

________ breed(s) conflict.

 

Mikayla is quick to respond to any comment, especially if she feels that it is an attack on a coworker's performance. She can even seem arrogant. This often fuels the conflict due to

 

Conflict outcomes can be positive or negative. Which of the following would be seen as a negative outcome?

 

Which of the following behaviors might start the conflict process?

 

The problem-solving interpersonal style of conflict has

 

Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win-win orientation?

 

Which of the following conflict management styles is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness?

 

Which of the following conflict management styles may be necessary when it is apparent that the other party will take advantage of information sharing and other cooperative strategies?

 

You are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of an organization. Both parties have equal power. Both parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving. You are actively searching for a middle ground between the interests of the two parties. Which of the following conflict resolution styles would you use in this situation?

 

José and Ron were disagreeing over who should take the holiday shift. Although José didn't really want to work that holiday, because Ron was very adamant that he have that holiday off, José agreed to take the shift. Because the issue was less important to José compared to Ron's feelings about the issue, the conflict was resolved by José

 

People usually gravitate toward one or two conflict-handling styles that match their

 

Problem solving assumes there are opportunities for

 

The ________ style is often ineffective because it doesn't resolve the conflict and may increase the other party's frustration.

 

Samir knows he is correct and needs a quick resolution to the conflict. He needs to use the ________ style.

 

Some research suggests that people from high collectivism cultures—where group goals are valued more than individual goals—are motivated to maintain harmonious relations and, consequently, are more likely than those from low collectivism cultures to manage disagreements through ________ or problem solving.

 

Men are more likely than women to use the ________ style, whether as managers or nonmanagement employees

 

Female managers are more likely than male managers to use the ________ style.

 

Compared to men, women pay more attention to the relationship between the parties, so their preferred style tries to protect the relationship. This is apparent in less forcing, more avoiding, and slightly more use of compromising and

 

Direct communication minimizes conflict by

 

Increasing inventories between sequential work units tends to reduce potential conflict by

 

What is the major function of integrators in an organization?

 

Third-party dispute resolution activities are classified in terms of their

 

Which of the following is a third-party conflict resolution strategy with low process control and high decision control?



Which of the following third-party conflict resolution strategies is characterized by high decision control and high process control?

 

Which third-party conflict resolution strategy manages the process and context of interaction between the disputing parties but does not impose a solution on the parties?

 

Arbitration has a ________ level of control over the final outcome and a ________ level of control over the process.

 

Which of type of third-party intervention approaches do managers usually adopt?

 

One of the oldest recommendations for resolving conflict is to refocus the parties' attention around ________ goals and away from the conflicting subordinate goals.

 

When employees from different parts of the organization work together on important projects, then

 

Any mechanism that loosens the coupling between two or more people or work units is called a(n)

 

In a purely win-lose situation, the bargaining zone states that:

 

A BATNA

 

________ is the cornerstone of effective value creation.

 

When negotiators have an audience watching their progress in the negotiations, the negotiator

 

Which negotiation process moves each party along a continuum in opposite directions with an area of potential overlap?

 

The physical distance between the parties and formality of the setting can influence their orientation toward each other and the disputed issues. So can the seating arrangements. People who sit face-to-face are more likely to develop a(n) ________ orientation toward the conflict situation.

 

Giving more concessions and even ________ the negotiation process altogether (accepting the salary offered when hired) are ways that women try to maintain good relations.

 

NewTel is a telephone company with a policy of filling positions internally through promotions, rather than hiring from outside. Until recently, the company had a strong engineering focus and tended to promote people into senior executive positions from the engineering areas. Consequently, almost all of the company's 14 senior executives joined the company over 20 years ago in junior engineering positions. There is increasing pressure on NewTel to become more marketing-and serviceoriented. As a result, four people were hired last year from consumer products and retail firms to fill new senior executive positions in marketing and service management. The external hires were necessary because current employees were not sufficiently qualified. Now there are signs of tension among senior executives, particularly during budget deliberations where there is limited discretionary spending on new corporate activities. The four new hires have been frustrated in their attempts to have the company put more money into marketing and customer services instead of technology investment, and they blame the senior executives for being hard-headed. The conflict episodes are viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem.

The conflict at NewTel appears to be ________ conflict.

 

The four new hires have been attempting to have the company put more money into marketing and customer services instead of technology investment. This is mainly an example of conflict due to

 

The marketing executives and the other executives operate independently. However, they share the resources and money in the organization. This kind of interdependence is referred to as ________ interdependence.

 

NewTel had to hire outside the company because it was felt that the internal employees lacked the skills needed. Many of the new employees were younger, which compounded the conflict due to

 

As a manager for XYZ Company, you are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of your organization, Department A and Department B. Both parties have equal power. Both the parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving.



Which conflict resolution style would you use in this situation?

 

If instead of equal power, Department A had considerably more power than Department B, what would Department B's best conflict resolution style be?

 

Fun, Incorporated, a major gaming software company, is experiencing conflict between the young Internet-savvy employees who design the games and the older, less computer-literate executives who run the company. The company has hired team leaders who could work with the executives and who are also highly computer literate.

By hiring these team leaders as liaisons between the executives and employees, the company will

 

One suggestion the team leaders have is to create smaller work units where the younger programmers and the older executives work on a project together. By doing so, the team leaders were being

 

Employees at Charlotte International have been frustrated with the management on just about everything. The conflict episodes are viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve problems. Both sides have decided to seek third-party dispute resolution. Management prefers a third-party intervention that has high process and decision control while employees prefer a high level of process control and no decision control.



Management at Charlotte International appears to prefer which of the following types of third-party intervention?

 

Employees at Charlotte International prefer which of the following types of third-party intervention?