BUSI 310 Read & Interact Chapter 11 Assignment solutions complete answers

BUSI 310 Read & Interact Chapter 11 Assignment solutions complete answers 

 

A set of perceptions regarding what employees owe their employers and what the employers owe them is called a(n) ______.

 

What type of program aims at satisfying the full range of employee needs?

 

What set of perceptions do employees use to decide what they owe their employers and what their employers owe them?

 

Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people feel they are inequitably treated? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

True or false: The job dimension that involves completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is referred to as task identity.

 

Growth need strength is the degree to which individuals want ______ development. (Choose every correct answer.)

 

What core job dimensions are stated in the Hackman and Oldham model? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

The job dimension that involves completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is called ______.

 

Match the appropriate category of Herzberg's two-factor theory (on the left) with the examples (on the right).

 

According to McClelland, the need for achievement is characterized by a strong orientation toward which of the following?

 

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland said motivates people?

 

McClelland said that the need for achievement is characterized by ______. (Choose every correct answer.)

 

According to _____, needs can be organized in a hierarchy, and people satisfy their needs in order from the bottom to the top of that hierarchy.

 

The five types of needs in Maslow's hierarchy are physiological, safety or security, social, ego or esteem, and ______.

 

Which theory organizes human needs into five major types in ascending order?

 

What theory suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior?

 

A consequence that people receive for their actions is called a(n) ______.

 

What concept refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals?

 

Increasing expectancies, identifying positively valent outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of _________.

 

Performance results in some kind of consequence, which is referred to as a(n) ______.

 

What theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance?

 

Punishment is sometimes appropriate when employees ______. (Choose every correct answer.)

 

To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance, which results in an outcome?

 

Which of the following is a situation in which punishing employees would be inappropriate?

 

What employee behaviors should NOT be rewarded, since they do not lead to high performance? (Check all that apply.)

 

______ involves eliminating or removing undesirable consequences when people perform organizationally functional behaviors.

 

The law of effect states that behavior will be repeated if it is followed by which kind of consequences?

 

The two types of stretch goals are ______. (Choose every correct answer.)

 

What are the key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

To set goals for yourself, create ______.

 

Setting a goal to learn, rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level, is appropriate when ______.

 

Which term describes a set of perceptions that exists in employees' minds and has important implications for employee satisfaction and motivation?

 

As applied by QWL programs, productivity means more than the quantity of work. The concept also encompasses which of the following?

 

Which of the following belong in the eight categories of quality of work life? (check all that apply)

 

______ programs create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction.

 

As applied by QWL programs, the concept of productivity includes ______.

 

When a workforce is dissatisfied, it is more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

Which of the following is one of the eight categories of quality of life?

 

Satisfying the full range of employee needs is the goal of which kind of programs?

 

Which of the following is a way managers can increase employees' belief that a process is fair?

 

Managers can increase employees' belief that a process is fair by doing which of the following?

 

People are more likely to support decisions and decision makers when they perceive ______.

 

Which of the following is an option for people who wish to restore equity when feeling inequitably treated?

 

True or false: Assessments of equity are made objectively.

 

Examples of outcomes include which of the following?

 

If an individual believes his or her outcome-to-input ratio is equivalent to someone else's ratio, the individual typically will ______.

 

Equity theory states that people assess which key factors? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

Outcomes refer to the various things a person ______.

 

Equity theory describes people's assessments of how ______.

 

Which of the following are ways to empower employees? (Check all that apply.)

 

An empowering work environment provides which of the following?

 

Rajiv is confident in both his experience and skills when it comes to selling his company's products. Which of the following beliefs resulting from empowerment is Rajiv experiencing?

 

Growth need strength is the degree to which individuals want (check all that apply)

 

The job dimension that involves employees receiving information about job performance is called ______.

 

Empowerment encourages beliefs among employees that they (check all that apply)

 

The job dimension that involves independence and discretion in making decisions is called ______.

 

In what way do most people, especially those with high growth need strength, respond to job enrichment?

 

The core job dimension that is defined as an important, positive impact on the lives of others is called ______.

 

The completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is called ______.

 

What are the psychological states that occur from a well-designed job? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

Emilia works in accounting and likes her job because she feels that her work is essential to the company's daily operations. Emilia is experiencing which psychological state?

 

The five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and ______.

 

Herzberg's theory highlighted the importance of using not only extrinsic factors to motivate employees but also ______.

 

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, what are examples of motivators?

 

Herzberg's two-factor theory emphasizes the difference between which two kinds of rewards?

 

Hygiene factors are characteristics of which aspect of a job?

 

Match the examples (on the left) with the appropriate category of Herzberg's two-factor theory (on the right).

 

What are the factors of Herzberg's theory that describe the job itself?

 

Examples of hygiene factors include which of the following?

 

True or false: Job enrichment involves giving employees additional tasks at the same level of responsibility.

 

Herzberg's ______ theory describes categories that affect people at work.

 

Which reward is essential to the motivation underlying creativity?

 

Job enrichment means that jobs are redesigned by

 

Managers in Japan and Greece tend to be motivated most by ______ needs.

 

Which three of the following are needs that managers in the United States care most strongly about? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

Individuals who have high levels of which kind of need are oriented toward getting along with others?

 

The need for achievement is characterized by a strong orientation toward which of the following?

 

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland believes motivates people?

 

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, satisfaction of the ______ needs comes from fully utilizing personal capacities and developing new capacities.

 

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, ______ needs are all material and physiological desires.

 

Which of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy is more of an issue in manufacturing and mining than it is in an office-building work environment?

 

The fact that most people are living and working with a large untapped reservoir of potential relates to Maslow's concept of _______.

 

Maslow made managers aware of the importance of which need?

 

Which of Maslow's needs involves realizing one's full potential?

 

The five needs of Maslow's hierarchy include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

Which motivation theory identifies the kinds of needs that people want to satisfy?

 

In order to make performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, managers can use which of the following? (check all that apply)

 

Two of the most important theories describing the content of people's needs are        need hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory.

 

Which leverage point involves considering what people get out of their jobs and the value they might place on outcomes?

 

How a person's needs are or are not met at work will affect the person's ______. 

 

Which conditions will make employees less motivated? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

In terms of expectancy theory, setting realistically attainable performance goals and providing training, support, and encouragement are ways of ______.

 

______ refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals.

 

The value a person places on the outcome of their performance is called      .

 

What are the two important beliefs that people develop under expectancy theory.

 

Zahra believes that if her marketing strategy is a success, she will get a promotion. Zahra is exhibiting which kind of belief?

 

______ is a consequence that people receive for their actions.

 

Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance which results in an outcome?

 

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of giving regular, ongoing feedback?

 

Which of the following is an example of offering feedback to employees?

 

Which of the following is a situation in which punishing the employee would be inappropriate?

 

Mistakes can be dealt with ______ by discussing and learning from them.

 

Connor often reprimands his employees for minor mistakes and criticizes their efforts. What response are they likely to have?

 

When employees violate the law, ethical standards, important safety rules, or standards of interpersonal treatment, ______ is sometimes appropriate.

 

Which of the following are actions that organizations should reward their employees for?

 

Which of the following are NOT part of Michael LeBoeuf's prescriptions for effectively motivating high performance? (check all that apply)

 

Innovative managers use nonmonetary rewards such as ______. (check all that apply)

 

The ________ has to support the firm's strategy, defining people's performance in ways that pursue strategic objectives.

 

Michael LeBoeuf's prescriptions for effectively motivating high performance include which of the following?

 

Which of the followings statements about positive and negative reinforcement is true for the person receiving the reinforcement?

 

What is withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence called?

 

______ is administering an undesired consequence when dysfunctional behavior occurs.

 

While punishment involves administering an aversive consequence, negative reinforcement involves removing or withholding

 

Negative reinforcement entails removing an undesirable consequence when desirable behaviors are performed. On the other hand,       is administering an aversive consequence when dysfunctional behaviors are performed.

 

Organizational behavior modification tries to improve performance by managing ______.

 

Positive reinforcement involves applying a consequence that increases the likelihood the person will ______.

 

In motivation, positive consequences are known as ________.

 

The law of effect states that behavior followed by which kind of consequences will be repeated?

 

The four key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and ______.

 

A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

      attempts to influence people's behavior and improve performance by systematically managing work conditions and the consequences of people's actions.

 

Mo Chou completed her latest work assignment early. If Mo Chou's boss would like her to repeat this behavior, what is the appropriate action according to the law of effect?

 

      stretch goals involve such activities as attempting and learning new, difficult things.

 

Which kind of performance goal can be dysfunctional and create competition among team members?

 

       stretch goals are aligned with such activities as productivity and financial results.

 

Stretch goals that involve people's professional development are called ______ stretch goals.

 

Stretch goals are targets that have which characteristics?

 

Goals that are aligned with current activities are referred to as ______ stretch goals.

 

The two types of stretch goals are

 

The goal-setting method that Microsoft uses as the basis for creating motivating goals stands for: specific, measurable, achievable, results based, and ______ specific.

 

Along with being meaningful, acceptable, specific and quantifiable, goals must also be

 

The most powerful goals are ______.

 

Goals should be which of the following?

 

Which motivation theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end?

 

Goals should have which of the following characteristics?

 

In which theory do managers set goals for employees?

 

Alderfer's relatedness need is similar to which of Maslow's needs? 

 

True or false: The completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is referred to as task identity.

 

______ expectancies create ______ motivation. 

 

Which of the needs associated with Alderfer's ERG theory are satisfied through the process of mutually sharing thoughts and feelings?

 

As people work and realize the ______ of their actions, they assess how fairly the organization treats them. 

 

Joshua works at a small company and found that his talents let him help with a variety tasks that no one else knows how to do. His boss says he is a man who wears many hats. This would be an example of fulfilling the core job dimension of _____. 

 

______ is a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously. 

 

Marie consistently tries to exert her control over coworkers. Marie has a high need for which of the three needs identified by McClelland?

 

A set of perceptions of what employees owe their employer and what the employer owes them is called a(n) ______. 

 

Successful job enrichment is associated with ______ growth need strength. 

 

Punishment and extinction are both _____ for the person receiving them. 

 

Goals should not conflict with people's personal values. In other words, goals should be ______ to employees.

 

True or false: Extrinsic rewards are essential to the motivation underlying creativity. 

 

Assessments of equity are ______ perceptions or beliefs. 

 

Which of the following are important contributions of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? 

 

The five types of needs in Maslow's hierarchy are physiological, safety, social, ego, and ______. 

 

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, ______ needs involve relationships with other people and are satisfied through the process of mutually sharing thoughts and feelings. 

 

Which of the following statements about managing mistakes is true? 

 

Increasing expectancies, identifying positive outcomes, and making performance instrumental are all managerial implications of _________. 

 

Different job activities involving several skills and talents is referred to as

 

According to Maslow, self-actualization involves reaching one's full ______.

 

An empowering work environment ______. 

 

True or false: Employees want to view their relationship with their employer as a well-balanced, mutually beneficial exchange. 

 

______ needs motivate people to productively or creatively change themselves or their environments. 

 

Successful managers tend to have a low need for ______.

 

True or false: Low expectancies create high motivation. 

 

Setting a goal to learn rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level is appropriate when

 

Which of the following goal characteristics are associated with the most powerful goals?

 

The five-letter acronym "      " serves as a reminder of the principles—such as being measurable, achievable, and results based—that should underlie motivating goals.

 

If a person believes that his or her outcome-to-input ratio is lower than that of someone else, the person typically will ______. 

 

True or false: Independence and discretion in making decisions at work is called valence.

 

Acceptable, maximally motivating goals are challenging and ______.

 

Which of the five needs presented by Maslow generally are well satisfied in today's workplace? 

 

Growth need strength is the degree to which individuals want ______.

 

Task        is the core job dimension based on the degree of importance and positive impact the job has on others.

 

For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

True or false: An extrinsic reward is a reward the person derives directly from performing the job itself.

 

Giving regular, ongoing feedback provides which of the following benefits? (check all that apply) 

 

What is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome? 

 

According to _____, people must satisfy their needs in order from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy. 

 

Which of the following are characteristic of a dissatisfied workforce? (Choose every correct answer.)

 

True or false: With job rotation, workers who spend all their time in one routine task can instead move from one task to another.

 

Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people are feeling inequitably treated? 

 

Using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is called ______.

 

Which of the following are ways to empower employees? (check all that apply) 

 

The extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having the people around him or her get along with each other defines the need for ______. 

 

The need for achievement is characterized by (check all that apply)

 

If a person's need for power is expressed as a negative force, such as the exploitation of others, the it is called _____ power. 

 

Job ______ means that jobs are restructured by adding higher levels of responsibility.

 

______ organizes human needs into a hierarchy of five major types. 

 

_________ theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance. 

 

People's perceived likelihood that an effort will enable them to attain their performance goals is called ______. 

 

When Jose failed to meet his quarterly sales goal, Marie verbally reprimanded him. This consequence is an example of       .

 

______ aims to eliminate or remove undesired outcomes when people perform organizationally functional behaviors. 

 

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic need that people strive to satisfy is ______.

 

Alderfer's existence needs are similar to which of Maslow's needs? (Check all that apply)

 

A(n) ______ reward is a reward the person derives directly from performing the job itself.

 

The core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are (check all that apply)

 

Each outcome has an associated ______, which is the value the person places on the outcome.

 

ERG theory postulates that      , relatedness, and growth needs can operate simultaneously.

 

In order to make performance       toward positive outcomes, managers must ensure that good performance is followed by recognition, praise and/or pay increases.

 

The job dimension of       is simply information about job performance.

 

Job ______ involves giving people additional tasks at the same time to alleviate boredom.

 

The key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior include (check all that apply)

 

The leverage point that involves understanding what people want to get out of work is ______.

 

Managers can assist with self-actualization by creating a work environment that provides (check all that apply)

 

Managers who overuse       can create a climate of fear in the workplace.

 

The most important theories describing the content of people's needs are (check all that apply)

 

A ______ need for affiliation and a ______ need for power are associated with managerial success.

 

Performance results in some kind of consequences for the person. This is referred to as a(n) ______.

 

Phil ensures that his employees get extra time off when their performance and productivity is exceptionally high. This is an example of positive      .

 

The theory that suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior is _____ theory.

 

Under expectancy theory, what are the two important beliefs that people develop?

 

When Susan's employees do not perform well, she does not hesitate to offer criticism. However, she eliminates undesired outcomes, such as criticism, when her employees perform at a high level. Susan is using negative          to help motivate her employees.

 

Which of the following are characteristics of motivational goals? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

Which of the following are examples of extrinsic rewards? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

Which of the following are ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance?

 

Which of the following occurs when motivation is reduced through the withdrawal of positive reinforcement?

 

Which of the following would NOT be considered an innovative way for managers to reward employees?

 

Which one of the following is NOT a need in Maslow's hierarchy?

 

Which three of the needs identified by McClelland are critical in motivating people? (Choose every correct answer.) 

 

With job ______, workers who spend all their time in one routine task can instead move from one task to another.

 

The law of effect laid the foundation for countless investigations into the effects of positive consequences, called _______.

 

The expectancy theory states that increasing expectancies, making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, and ______ are crucial to motivate employees.

 

Organizations can increase expectancies by (check all that apply)

 

______ rewards are given to people by the organization.