BUSI 310 Read & Interact Chapter 15 Assignment solutions complete answers

BUSI 310 Read & Interact Chapter 15 Assignment solutions complete answers 

 

In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, which of the following characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations? (Select all that apply.)

 

True or false: In many industries, the primary sources of new technology are the organizations that use it.

 

Which of the following are sources of new technologies? (Select all that apply.)

 

Gorda Engineering needs to assess its current technology base and determine which technologies are needed for the organization to smoothly function. Gorda must conduct a(n) ______.

 

The two perspectives of ______ appear very different, but they are powerful and synergistic when pursued in complementary ways.

 

Which combinations are examples of the powerful synergy that is created by the combination of learning and leading?

 

What are disadvantages of the go-it-alone approach of self-employment?

 

Which of the following strategies do leading authors on career management advise?

 

_______ means expanding your horizons by exploring, discovering, and taking action to improve yourself throughout your career.

 

True or false: Leaders who "recreate the game" are interested in creating novel ways to meet both unarticulated and unserved needs.

 

A ______ operates independently, often developing start-up ventures, consulting, and working in professional partnerships. This career can offer a balance between working and family life.

 

______ are companies that attempt to alter their industries to create a future competitive environment of their own design.

 

Creating the future, rather than simply responding to events as they occur, is dependent on ______ change.

 

______ are companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution as givens.

 

If a company's leadership continues to support the vision and make changes after a success, what is it doing?

 

A change leader's focus on small victories along the way to the larger vision is an example of ______.

 

After a successful change, what strategies can managers use to consolidate gains and produce more change?

 

Using every possible channel and opportunity to reinforce the vision and required new behaviors is the facet of change leadership that involves communicating the        vision.

 

______ involves planning for and creating small victories to show that progress is being made.

 

When systems and structures prevent a company from changing, even though it should, the obstacles should be removed. Employees should be encouraged to take risks and share their knowledge. This is called __________.

 

______ requires using every possible channel and opportunity to reinforce the vision.

 

When managers determine the idealized, expected state of affairs after the change is implemented, what are they doing?

 

Which of the following is a tactic to stop complacency?

 

______ can be caused by absence of a visible crisis, too many visible resources, employees who focus on narrow goals, and a culture that discourages open communication.

 

Identifying crises and opportunities is the element of leading change called ______.

 

Which of these strategies are helpful for managers who wish to reduce employee complacency?

 

When trying to identify which changes are worth undertaking, managers should ask all but which of the following questions?

 

Which of the following is a common reason for complacency?

 

______ organization change involves introducing and sustaining multiple policies practices and procedures across multiple units and levels.

 

To integrate change efforts in an understandable way, managers should do all but which of the following?

 

______ is the practice of giving a leader of a resisting group a desirable role in the change.

 

Which of the following approaches for reducing employee resistance to change involves giving the leader of a resisting group a desirable role in the change?

 

In managing resistance to organizational changes, providing training, helping people cope with stress, and listening to problems are part of ______.

 

What is the most forceful tactic that managers can use to pressure employees to accept changes in the workplace?

 

To avoid resistance and enlist cooperation from employees, management should seek ______ from people throughout the organization.

 

Which of the following statements is true about educating people about upcoming changes?

 

For which reasons is it important to involve key stakeholders in change?

 

During refreezing, __________ should be refrozen.

 

______ involves implementing control systems that support the change, applying correction action when necessary, and reinforcing behaviors and performance that support the new agenda.

 

Which step in the change process begins with establishing a vision of where the company is heading?

 

What is the term for a technique that identifies both what prevents people from changing and what will impel them toward change?

 

In which stage must people accept that their past ways of doing things are obsolete?

 

When employees do not disagree with a proposed change but simply dislike the way they heard the news, they are resisting change because of ______.

 

What are the three basic stages of implementing change within an organization?

 

______ is resistance to change caused by a fear of losing something of value.

 

Which of these is NOT a common general reason for resistance to a particular change?

 

Even after word processing became an accepted technology, some people still resisted using it because they were comfortable with their old ways of preparing documents. What is the term for this type of resistance to change?

 

If a change in the workplace is sudden or extreme, employees might respond with ______.

 

Eric is a sales manager for a textile company. He has just been told that the software conversion that he suggested is finally going to occur this week. Eric's annual sales report is due Friday. Eric would most likely resist this change because of ______.

 

If change is going to be successful, organizations need to permanently rekindle individual creativity and responsibility. People must be both ______ and implementers.

 

Which of the following are organization development (OD) techniques?

 

Two features of organization development are increasing the organization's _____ and having an underlying value orientation.

 

What are the four key factors that lead organizations to sustained success?

 

Using behavioral science throughout the system to improve an organization's effectiveness is known as ______.

 

The four basic types of organization development interventions are techno-structural, human resource management, human process, and       .

 

Which statements accurately describe the features of organization development?

 

______ is the umbrella concept that refers to the development, improvement, and reinforcement of the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness.

 

What is the term for using behavioral science throughout the system to improve organizational effectiveness?

 

According to the ______ idea, companies can pursue multiple goals, such as strategically planning long term while also achieving short-term results.

 

The belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both, and that only one goal and not another can be attained is referred to as ______.

 

The genius of the and refers to the ability to achieve multiple objectives ______.

 

Which beliefs are examples of "tyranny of the or"?

 

Companies that have achieved long-term greatness tend to care most about competing with ______.

 

World-class organizations do which of the following? (Check all that apply.)

 

Which factors are necessary for sociotechnical systems to be most successful?

 

Which development process incorporates a great deal of feedback from clients as the product is being developed?

 

Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies?

 

Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies?

 

The process of innovation requires a fluid, flexible project structure. What are the drawbacks of such a structure?

 

A development project is an intense organizational push to do what?

 

Which terms are names for units that are set up within a company to accommodate creative projects?

 

Permitting failure can ______ the innovative process.

 

Although they are useful for keeping discipline and productivity in a company, the administrative personnel that form a company's ______ typically inhibit innovation.

 

Which of the following statements are true about a person who plays the role of product champion in a company?

 

Which of the following are terms for the players in acquiring and developing new technologies?

 

The support and protection of a(n) ______ can enable new technology by making resources available to develop it.

 

A person who serves as a product champion in a company is _______.

 

Which of these is NOT a term for someone who plays a key role in acquiring and developing new technologies?

 

Which term describes someone who invents new products or finds ways to revise old products?

 

A ______ is a senior executive who coordinates the technological aspects of an organization's various business units and has broad, integrative responsibilities.

 

Learning organizations are adept at carrying out which two kinds of innovations? (Select all that apply)

 

Which questions could help management decide whether to pursue internal development of technology?

 

What is it called when two or more companies jointly develop a new technology?

 

Sometimes two or more companies cooperate to pursue specific new technology development, bringing together diverse skills and/or resources. Which two terms describe this type of enterprise?

 

What is the disadvantage of purchasing a new technology?

 

The sharing of technology among companies, a practice called technology ______, allows access to new technologies that would be expensive to develop independently.

 

What is the disadvantage of developing new technology within a company?

 

When companies need technologies that are not easy to buy, they can ______ the technology for a fee.

 

The question an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it is known as a(n) ______ decision.

 

True or false: Most technology is already available in products or processes that can be purchased.

 

Which groups are likely to develop new technology?

 

Which scenarios describe the difficulties employees may face when an organization adopts new technologies?

 

Relative to late adopters, early adopters tend to be which of the following?

 

An accounting firm gets the most up-to-date computer software at a discount from an online vendor. This is an example of obtaining new technology through:

 

Who researches and develops most scientific innovations?

 

Companies that are early adopters of new technologies tend to be ______, more profitable, and more specialized than late adopters.

 

Which type of organization has executives who give considerable priority to developing and exploiting technological expertise?

 

Which type of firm displays a more cautious strategy toward innovation and tends to operate in more stable environments?

 

The growth in counterfeiting and piracy has added barriers to products' ______ viability.

 

Technology and innovation strategies should be based on an organization's core ______.

 

An apparel manufacturer wants to develop a technology for a temperature-regulating textile that adjusts automatically to the wearer's body temperature, but the manufacturer is not sure whether such a textile can be developed. What is the company unsure about?

 

Which of the following statements are true about pirated and counterfeit goods?

 

Which of the following factors are important in assessing market receptiveness?

 

When planning how to either develop or exploit emerging technological innovations for the future, managers must consider all of the following EXCEPT:

 

Sometimes executives must simultaneously do what is right for their companies in the short-term while also dealing with disruptive new technology that could lead to the failure of their businesses. What is the term for this situation?

 

While analyzing market receptiveness, executives must decide if the new technology will have an immediate and valuable application in the ______ and the ability to satisfy a market need in the ______.

 

In some cases, new technology can completely change the rules of competition within an industry. Technology in those cases is often called a ______ innovation because companies can falter if they fail to respond with effective innovations of their own.

 

When developing a strategy around technological innovation, managers should first consider ______ potential.

 

When managers are primarily interested in incremental changes and therefore miss opportunities for disruptive changes, they are facing the ______ dilemma.

 

Which technique is used to gather information on external trends in pacing and emerging technologies?

 

What is the term for the process of comparing an organization's practices and technologies to that of others within the same industry?

 

______ technologies have proved effective but provide a competitive advantage because not everyone uses them.

 

When computer-aided manufacturing was first introduced, companies did not understand its full potential, but firms that used it quickly experienced significant speed and cost advantages. This is an example of a(n) ______ technology.

 

Which statements accurately describe emerging technologies?

 

Decisions about technology must balance internal strengths and weakness with external ______ and ______.

 

Which technology has proved effective and provides a major competitive edge until alternatives emerge?

 

Reza's Roses sells rose bushes that are guaranteed to grow and bloom all year. Reza's also offers rose bushes in unusual and unique colors. Because Reza's offers unique products, it can charge higher prices. Which generic strategy is Reza's using to position itself in the market?

 

The forces driving        change include demand, knowledge, funding, skilled labor, ability to convert scientific knowledge, and entrepreneurial initiative.

 

______ or service innovations are changes in actual goods or services (also known as outputs).

 

Which strategy lets a company maintain an advantage by being less expensive than its competitors?

 

When a company pioneers unique products or services that command premium prices, it has benefited from a ______ strategy.

 

       is the systematic application of scientific knowledge to yield products, processes, or services.

 

Which term describes changes in the way outputs (goods or services) are produced?

 

Sometimes employees resist change because they have failed to comprehend why the new way will be better than the old way. This type of resistance is due to ______.

 

______ is a technique in change management that involves identifying the specific forces that will drive people toward change.

 

Which of the following describes an executive champion?

 

When people have differing information about an organizational change or its implementation, they are likely to resist the change due to ______.

 

Organizations should (and do) build their technology and innovation strategies based on core ______. 

 

An organizational culture that is ______ is crucial for fostering the creative thinking and risk taking required for innovation.

 

The act of instituting a change (and the second step in the process of managing resistance) is called ______.

 

Which type of firm stays technologically competitive but allows others to discover strong demand in new enterprises before they follow suit?

 

An effective approach to managing resistance and enlisting cooperation from employees is _______

 

Determining the idealized state of affairs that is expected to occur after the change has been made is part of ______. 

 

The difference between an organization's actual performance and the performance it should have is called a:

 

Which of these are still under development and thus unproven? 

 

Introducing and sustaining numerous policies, practices, and procedures across numerous units and levels is referred to as ______.

 

Which of the following technologies provide little or no advantage, since they are commonplace? 

 

A major factor in the ease of introducing a new technology is _____ cooperation.

 

Self-employed individuals can improve their career prospects by 

 

Which of the following are characteristics of learning leaders? (Choose all that apply.)

 

For which of the following reasons might a firm choose to trade technology?

 

The outright purchase of an entire company to gain access to its technology is called 

 

The ______ approach is intended to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving human aspects of the work, such as interpersonal relationships among employees.

 

Which two of the following are typically used to foil counterfeiters and pirates who steal intellectual property? 

 

The ______ acts as a voice for technology in the top management team and identifies ways that the technology can support the company's strategy. 

 

______ tells whether there is a good financial incentive for adopting a technological innovation. 

 

A change in method or technology is called ______. 

 

Which actions do organizations use to adapt their capabilities and strategies to match their technology? 

 

Needs that customers acknowledge and try to satisfy are _______ needs.

 

Management should ______ change programs by identifying the similarities and differences among the programs and communicating the common themes. 

 

The combination of exploring unarticulated needs and unserved customers represents:

 

Needs that customers have not yet experienced are ______ needs.

 

Developing new change agents, highlighting positive results, and showing how the new behavior produced better results are part of ________. 

 

________ means putting together a group with enough power to lead a change. 

 

In most situations, the easiest and most cost-effective way to obtain new technology is to ______. 

 

Which of the following questions should managers consider when choosing among technology acquisition alternatives? 

 

To identify which changes are worth undertaking, which of the following questions should be asked?

 

When a company cannot develop its own technology, it might pay another organization, such as an independent or government research laboratory, to invent what it needs. This is called ______ development 

 

A ______ is an organization's concentrated attempt to create a new product or process through the use of technological innovations.

 

Within an organization, who is tasked with developing new technology and/or installing and operating it?

 

Management offering wage increase for employees who cooperate with a change is an example of the ______ method of dealing with resistance to change.

 

The process of identifying which technologies are most important for an organization is called a(n) ______. 

 

Why is continuous learning important to your career?

 

Which option is most likely to ensure that an organization will enjoy exclusive use of new technology? 

 

How is a technical innovator different from an entrepreneur? 

 

Establishing a sense of urgency in leading change means ______. 

 

The alternative to the "tyranny of the or" is the "______ of the and," which refers to the ability to achieve multiple objectives at the same time.

 

The recognition of a performance gap is an important contributor to the ______ stage of managing resistance. 

 

Highlighting positive results and developing new change agents is part of ______. 

 

The systemwide application of behavioral science to organizational effectiveness is called ______. 

 

The generic strategy in which an organization's advantage comes from being able to sell products at lower prices than its competitors is referred to as a(n) ______ strategy. 

 

Categorizing technologies as base, key, pacing, or emerging is an effort to ______. 

 

A company announced that it would be hiring several new employees. Thinking that they were about to be fired and replaced or have their hours reduced, some of the current employees protested loudly. In fact, management was trying to reduce their workload by hiring additional staff. This resistance to change was caused by ______. 

 

Putting together a group with enough power to lead a change is a way to create a guiding ______. 

 

Executives in ______ firms are more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail. 

 

In managing resistance to organizational changes, facilitation and support refers to:

 

Flexible manufacturing practices, such as just-in-time, mass customization, and simultaneous engineering, are all referred to as ______. 

 

Which technologies have yet to prove their full value but could potentially offer significant competitive advantage? 

 

When management introduces a new workplace policy but give only a few details about why the change is being made, employees might resist due to ______.

 

Self-interest is a resistance to change caused by ______.

 

What is "acquisition of a technology owner"?

 

______ technologies provide little competitive advantage because virtually everyone in the industry must have them.

 

______ firms tend to adopt complementary technologies that expand on what they are already doing, rather than expanding into completely unfamiliar territory.

 

Which of the following could be a disruptive innovation? 

 

What are the most common reasons that innovation fails to generate profits in business? (Select all that apply.) 

 

During refreezing, which of the following behaviors should be refrozen?

 

By participating in continuous learning, what can you help your organization achieve? 

 

Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success? 

 

______ firms adopt an early-follower strategy and then use their marketing and manufacturing strengths to dominate the market.

 

The self-employed model of career development can provide a balanced approach to _____ and ______ life.

 

What makes learning organizations so good at innovating? (Select all that apply) 

 

According to Collins and Porras, the most successful companies should have which essential characteristics? 

 

In return for cooperating in a major organizational change, Leopard Textiles provided each of its employees with two extra days of paid vacation. This is an example of which method of dealing with employee resistance to change?

 

In ______, a company pays another organization (such as an independent or government research laboratory) to invent technology for it. 

 

The first thing to consider when developing a strategy around a technological innovation is        potential. 

 

Which of the following are technological driving forces? 

 

Changes in the actual outputs (goods and services) of an organization are referred to as ______.

 

Which of the following are broad-based actions that facilitate change? (Choose all that apply.) 

 

Companies can       technology for a fee when they need technologies that are not easy to buy. 

 

In the ______ stage of managing resistance, management realizes that it must break out of its present mold by doing things differently.

 

Which personal qualities are characteristic of learning leaders? 

 

Companies that attempt to alter their industries, creating a future competitive environment of their own design, are known as      .

 

The main job of a(n) ______ structure is to maintain orderliness and productivity, which restricts innovation. 

 

Compared to other types of development projects, agile design is ______. (Select all that apply) 

 

Which of the following are considered theft of intellectual property? 

 

An employee who really does not disagree with a proposed change but simply "hates the way they heard the news" is resisting change because of management       .

 

A(n) ______ devises new products or finds ways to revise old products. 

 

What is the main thing a company must allow if innovation is to thrive? 

 

Leading authors on career management advise that individuals must actively manage their own careers by developing marketable skills, choosing careers based on learning opportunities, and ________.

 

Sometimes employees resist change because they feel comfortable and happy doing things the old way. This is called ______. 

 

Companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution, as "givens" are known as       .

 

A sudden or unexpected change can lead to resistance due to the change being a      .

 

______ change is characterized by the presence of pressure as an impetus. 



If a group is tight-knit and not particularly fond of management,        pressure may cause resistance to change.

 

Successfully managing change requires shared       .

 

In the assessment of external technological trends, ______ seeks to discover what is possible and what is being developed. 

 

Which of the following are advantages of benchmarking against potential competitors in other countries? (Check all that apply.) 

 

Sony Betamax was technologically superior to VHS, but VHS became more popular, and Betamax was discontinued due to poor sales. Betamax had issues with ______. 

 

Managers introducing change when employees are stressed or busy may face resistance to change due to poor       .

 

When deciding which technology to use, managers must balance internal capabilities with external opportunities and _______. 

 

Which of the following are reasons for people to resist change within an organization? 

 

What basic rules from the 3M company are often copied to encourage innovation? (Select all that apply.)

 

When an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it is known as a "      -or-      " decision.

 

What are the three basic stages to manage resistance during a change in the workplace? 

 

In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, what characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations? 

 

Honestly assessing the reasons behind your successes and failures, constantly analyzing issues and possible solutions, and taking action to make your plans come to fruition are ways to improve your competitive advantage through        learning.

 

In management, a change in method or technology that leads to a useful new way of doing things is called ______.

 

The systematic application of scientific knowledge to any product, process, or service is called ______.

 

Assessing the limitations of a technology is known as determining the technological ______ of the innovation.

 

Companies that excel at solving problems, seeking and finding new approaches, and sharing new knowledge with all members of an organization are called ______ organizations.

 

When an organization allows itself to become comfortable with the old ways of doing things and resists trying something new, it is exhibiting ______.

 

When managers apply punishment or the threat of punishment to those who resist change, it is called ______.