HIUS 221 Week 1 Mindtap Assignments solutions complete answers

HIUS 221 Week 1 Mindtap Assignments solutions complete answers 

 

Quiz: Native American and West African Societies before Contact

Determine whether each characteristic describes the Maya culture, the Aztec culture, or both cultures.

Characteristic
Maya
Aztec
Both
Peaked between 300 and 900 AD
 
 
 
 
Empire consisted of dozens of states
 
 
 
 
Arrived in the Valley of Mexico around 1200 AD
 
 
 
 
 

Determine whether each characteristic describes the Maya culture, the Aztec culture, or both cultures.

Characteristic
Maya
Aztec
Both
Was in decline by the time European explorers arrived
 
 
 
 
Exercised vast power in Mesoamerica for about three hundred years before European explorers arrived
 
 
 
 
Developed wealth by conquering neighboring peoples
 
 
 
 
 

Characteristic
Maya
Aztec
Both
Developed a society based on military strength
 
 
 
Established a civilization in the Valley of Mexico
 
 
 
Developed an economy based partly on trade
 
 
 
 

Imagine that you’re having a conversation with one of your classmates about Native American tribes. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

YOU: Responsibilities within the societies affiliated with the Iroquois Confederacy, which in addition to the Onondaga tribe also included the, were divided by gender. For instance, women were responsible for, whereas men for the tribe.

CLASSMATE: What about tribal leadership?

YOU: In the Iroquois tribes, women 

 

YOU: Responsibilities within the societies affiliated with the Iroquois Confederacy, which in addition to the Seneca tribe also included the    , were divided by gender. For instance, women were responsible for    , whereas men    for the tribe.

 

YOU: Responsibilities within the Algonquian societies, which included tribes such as the Lenapes and the, were divided by gender. For instance, women were often responsible for, whereas men were largely responsible for.

CLASSMATE: Who was responsible for leading the tribe?

YOU: In the Algonquian tribes, was more likely to serve as the leader, or sachem.

 

YOU: Responsibilities within the Algonquian societies, which included tribes such as the Pequots and the, were divided by gender. For instance, women were often responsible for, whereas men were largely responsible for.

CLASSMATE: Who was responsible for leading the tribe?

YOU: In the Algonquian tribes, was more likely to serve as the leader, or sachem.

 

YOU: Native American villages varied depending on their location. For example, there was a tribe in the Southwest known as the, which descended from the Anasazi. This tribe lived in villages that contained houses made of.

CLASSMATE: What sort of economy did this tribe have?

YOU: Like earlier tribes in the present-day American Southwest, such as the and Anasazi, they had an agricultural economy, and they built complex irrigation systems to cultivate crops such as cotton, beans, and.

 

YOU: Responsibilities within the societies affiliated with the Iroquois Confederacy, which in addition to the Cayuga tribe also included the, were divided by gender. For instance, women were responsible for, whereas men for the tribe.

CLASSMATE: What about tribal leadership?

YOU: In the Iroquois tribes, women.

 

Use the dropdown menus to complete the timeline.

300

African cultures first start forming

300

1100s

1460s

 

Use the dropdown menus to complete the timeline.

300

African cultures first start forming

300–1100

1100–1468

1468–1593

 

300

African cultures first start forming

1100

Late 1400s

Late 1500s

 

What event caused the decline of the Ghana empire?

 The people used up their natural resources and lost the ability to trade.

 A period of severe droughts persisted.

 Military invasions from neighboring cultures grew more frequent.

 

Which statement best describes the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires?

They were largely isolated from the rest of Africa and Europe.

Their lands were relatively small but had many important natural resources.

They had vast territories and traded with international partners

 

What event led to the decline of the Mali empire?

Several natural disasters decimated their population.

Their king died, and warring factions split the empire.

They were invaded by the Songhai.

 

Based on the information in the map, select the correct response from each dropdown menu to complete the paragraph

According to the map, indigenous groups of present-day California, such as the Cochimi, Yokuts, and, primarily provided for themselves by, though some in the central coastal region also engaged in 

 

According to the map, indigenous groups of the Eastern Woodlands, such as the Cherokee, Iroquois, and, primarily provided for themselves by, while the Sauk, Fox, and Ojibwa relied on 

 

According to the map, indigenous groups of Mesoamerica, such as the Aztec, Michoacan, and, primarily provided for themselves by. However, fishing helped to sustain a portion of the Maya Empire, which lasted 

 

Looking at the map as a whole, the modes of subsistence practiced by the people of the Great Plains, Subarctic, and Arctic are best summed up by which of the following statements?

 They mostly fished but also gathered along rivers.

 They mostly hunted but also fished in lakes and along the western coastal regions.

 They mostly farmed but also hunted to some small degree.

 

Looking at the map as a whole, what were the modes of subsistence practiced by the people of the Southwest?

Farming and gathering

Hunting and gathering

Farming and fishing

 

Looking at the map as a whole, the modes of subsistence practiced by the people of the Southeast and the eastern portions of the Eastern Woodlands are best summed up by which of the following statements?

They mostly farmed but also engaged in fishing along coastal regions.

They mostly fished along coastal regions but also gathered around lakes.

They mostly hunted but also farmed along rivers.

 

Quiz: Technology and European Exploration

Determine whether each statement about exploration applies to Spain or to Portugal.

Statement
Spain
Portugal
Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico
 
 
 
Had most of Asia in its sphere of interest after the Treaty of Saragossa
 
 
 
Was first to have an explorer reach land that is currently part of the United States
 
 
 
 

Statement
Spain
Portugal
Claimed the territory of Brazil when Pedro Álvares Cabral landed there
 
 
 
Found a route to India by sailing around the horn of Africa
 
 
 
Adopted a militaristic approach to dealing with native cultures they encountered
 
 
 
 

Statement
Spain
Portugal
Was the first country to find a sea route to India
 
 
 
Established plantations on Hispaniola and introduced slavery to the island
 
 
 
Sponsored Columbus’s journeys to the western Atlantic
 
 
 
 

Imagine that it is 1489, and Christopher Columbus has arrived at the Spanish palace to ask King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for financial backing for his voyage. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

COLUMBUS: I am looking for a patron to provide financial support for my voyage. Unlike most of the current explorers, my plan is to    by traveling    .

KING FERDINAND: Why are you asking Spain to support this voyage?

COLUMBUS: To be honest, I have come to you because    .

 

Imagine that you are present during the negotiation of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. You overhear representatives from Spain and Portugal discussing exploration with Pope Alexander VI. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

SPANISH REPRESENTATIVE: Columbus has discovered territories that we believe are outside the sphere of Portugal’s influence. In fact, he and his men.

PORTUGUESE REPRESENTATIVE: Our position is that Columbus, so any land he encountered should be awarded to us.

POPE ALEXANDER VI: It seems that Portuguese ships are already sailing the Atlantic near Africa and are actively transporting slaves and cargo to islands off the African coast. I propose that we create a line of demarcation and that Spain should have claim over any lands to the of this line

 

Imagine that you are an adviser to the king of Portugal in 1424, and he wants to discuss how to approach the issue of exploration. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

KING OF PORTUGAL: What are your thoughts on this exploration? If we can find a more direct route to the East, we might be able to.

YOU: If we could do that, it would certainly help us.

KING OF PORTUGAL: Then it’s settled. I will ask Prince Henry to sail.

 

Based on the information in the map, choose the explorer who is described by each statement.

Statement
Vasco da Gama
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
John Cabot
Sailing on behalf of Portugal, this explorer rounded the Cape of Good Hope and explored the East Coast of Africa before sailing to Asia.
 
 
 
 
This Spaniard traveled throughout the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast, and inland North America before his journey ended in 1536.
 
 
 
 
Sailing for England, this explorer traveled to the northeastern tip of North America.
 
 
 
 
 

Statement
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Hernando de Soto
John Cabot
Sailing on behalf of Portugal, this explorer landed along the northeastern coast of South America before rounding the Cape of Good Hope, sailing to India, and returning to Portugal.
 
 
 
 
From 1539 to 1542, this Spaniard traveled widely throughout the southeastern region of North America.
 
 
 
 
Sailing for England, this explorer traveled to the northeastern tip of North America.
 
 
 
 
 

Statement
Vasco da Gama
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Jacques Cartier
Sailing for France, this explorer traveled throughout the northeastern corner of North America.
 
 
 
This Spaniard traveled throughout the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast, and inland North America before his journey ended in 1536.
 
 
 
Sailing on behalf of Portugal, this explorer rounded the Cape of Good Hope and explored the East Coast of Africa before sailing to Asia.
 
 
 
 

From 1540 to 1542, this Spaniard traveled widely throughout the southwestern region of North America.

 

Statement
Bartholomeu Dias
Hernando de Soto
Jacques Cartier
Sailing on behalf of Portugal, this explorer rounded the Cape of Good Hope in search of a sea route to India.
 
 
 
Sailing for France, this explorer traveled throughout the northeastern corner of North America.
 
 
 
From 1539 to 1542, this Spaniard traveled widely throughout the southeastern region of North America.
 
 
 
 

Quiz The Columbian Exchange

Indicate whether each statement about Old World–New World integration is true or false.

Statement
True
False
The intermingling of cultures resulted in an exchange of customs, foods, and diseases.
 
 
 
Africans introduced yams, millet, sorghum, rice, and okra to the Americas.
 
 
 
Sugar became a dominant New World product that led to slave labor.
 
 
 
 

Statement
True
False
Guns and gunpowder altered native hunting practices.
 
 
 
Spaniards introduced tobacco to the New World in 1528.
 
 
 
Europeans influenced ancient Native American practices and diets.
 
 
 
 

 

Statement
True
False
A number of Columbus’s men returned home to Europe with a form of syphilis that was lethal to their countrymen and -women.
 
 
 
Spaniards returning from the New World introduced tobacco to Europe in 1528.
 
 
 
Native American cultures were decimated by European diseases.
 
 
 
 

Match each definition to the correct term.

Definition
Term
Communication device developed as a result of Portuguese colonization
 
Brazilian root plant exported to Africa
 
Place where smallpox was first recorded in 1518
 
 

Definition
Term
Caused imbalance in Caribbean ecosystems
 
Changed native cultures
 
Altered European diets
 
 

Definition
Term
Became an entrenched part of Plains Indian culture
 
Became a staple of Navajo culture
 
Transformed Native American diets
 
 

Determine the exchange relationship between geographical regions based on each of the following items.

Items
Old World to New World
New World to Old World
Europe to Africa
Iron tools such as hoes and axes
 
 
 
 
Gold, silver, timber, and other natural resources
 
 
 
 
Textiles and guns in exchange for slaves
 
 
 
 
Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases
 
 
 
 
 

Items
Old World to New World
New World to Old World
Africa to New World
Molasses, rum, cotton, and other locally produced items
 
 
 
Cultural practices such as language, social structures, and Christianity
 
 
 
A host of new diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza
 
 
 
A hearty workforce with agricultural expertise
 
 
 
 

Items
Old World to New World
New World to Old World
Africa to New World
Rice, okra, millet, and other foods and plants
 
 
 
 
Cultural practices and religious beliefs of slaves
 
 
 
 
Potatoes, avocados, tobacco, and other foods and plants
 
 
 
 
Horses, pigs, chickens, and other livestock
 
 
 
 
 

Quiz European Motivations and Early Advances into the New World

Which of the following best describes the economic theory of mercantilism?

It’s based on the private ownership of the production and distribution of goods.

It’s based on the premise that all gold should be spent as quickly as possible on raw materials for use in production.

It’s based on the premise that a country’s raw materials should be used to make finished products within its borders in order to maximize profit.

 

The Age of Exploration is credited as being a catalyst for which of the following consequences?

The merger of Spain and Portugal into a single superpower under Queen Isabella

One of the largest migrations of human history

The end of capitalism as a viable economic system

 

Which of the following best describes the economic system of capitalism that grew out of mercantilism?

It defines the relationship between colonies and the mother country.

It’s based on the private ownership of the production and distribution of goods.

It’s based on the premise that all gold should be spent as quickly as possible on raw materials for use in production.

 

Use the dropdown menus to complete the paragraph.

Two of the major figures in the Protestant Reformation were Martin Luther and John Calvin. Both agreed that the had become corrupt and a new religious order was needed. In particular, they thought that was extremely troubling. Not only did their revolt cause a rift in Christianity, but it ultimately led to during the seventeenth century.

 

Use the dropdown menus to complete the paragraph.

sought to wipe out Protestantism because it believed Protestant countries. This desire led the country to attempt in 1588

 

Use the dropdown menus to complete the paragraph.

Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation in in 1517, but followers of, an adherent of Luther’s teachings, established Protestant churches in several other European countries. In England, King Henry VIII used the Reformation as an opportunity to strip of power

 

Which statements describe the efforts of the French Huguenots to settle in the New World? Check all that apply.

They were largely unsuccessful.

They were unsuccessful mainly due to the unfamiliar climate and terrain of the New World.

They had a difficult start but eventually established a colony in northern Mexico.

Their settlements were routinely sacked and destroyed.

Most of their settlers were killed by Spanish and Portuguese forces.

 

Which statements describe English exploration efforts following the ascension of Elizabeth I to the throne? Check all that apply.

English explorers had the most success when they avoided Spanish ports and settlements.

English explorers provided naval support when England and Spain were at war.

Francis Drake successfully sailed around the world.

English explorers routinely attacked Spanish settlements in the New World.

Most of the English explorers’ skirmishes were with the French rather than the Spanish.

 

Which statements describe English and French exploration efforts during the mid-sixteenth century? Check all that apply.

English explorers had more success than French settlers.

English and French ships routinely battled one another on the seas and in New World ports.

England fought mostly with Portugal, whereas France fought mostly with Spain.

France focused on establishing colonies in the New World, whereas England focused on exploration.

The English were more active militarily than the French.

 

Quiz Missions, Labor, and an End to Spanish Dominance in the New World

Of all the areas of the New World, why were the Spanish most interested in exploring and colonizing Mexico and South America?

The natives in the other regions of North America had militaristic cultures.

The other regions of North America had already been settled and claimed by France and Britain.

These regions contained precious metals and natural resources that other regions did not.

 

Which of the following best describes the encomienda system as carried out by Spanish conquistadors?

Conquistadors constructed missions for the sole purpose of converting indigenous peoples to Christianity.

Conquistadors used the power vested in them by the Spanish Crown to exploit the labor of indigenous peoples in exchange for the promise to protect natives and convert them to Christianity.

Conquistadors used the power vested in them by the Spanish Crown to exploit the labor of the dwindling indigenous population for up to a year.

 

During the time of exploration, why did Spain have more success gaining control over the native populations in Mexico and the Andes than in other regions of North America?

The natives in these regions were mobile and had no fixed villages, making them easy to capture.

The natives in these regions had been ruled by the Aztecs and Inca, whose power was usurped by Spain.

The natives in these regions had small populations and were outnumbered by the incoming Spanish settlers.

 

Imagine that you are a Franciscan friar who has just arrived in the New World territories in 1585. You are speaking with another friar who has been on several missionary expeditions. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

YOU: I’m glad to have finally arrived and to be hearing about your adventures. What do you mean when you say your efforts have been mostly successful?

FRIAR JOHN: We’ve traveled quite a distance, we’ve converted and baptized many natives, and we’ve built several churches. Unfortunately, many natives are Christianity. We’ve tried to get them to, but we have been only partly effective.

 

Imagine that you are a Native American living in New Mexico in 1590. You and a friend were recently approached by Franciscan missionaries and are discussing their message. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

YOU: What do you think of these missionaries? Should we convert and follow their god?

YOUR FRIEND: Well, they’ve, so they can’t be all that bad.

YOU: That’s true. I’m tempted to convert, but only partly because of their behavior toward us. To be honest, the other issue is that they.

 

Imagine that you are a Franciscan priest returning to Spain in 1593 to give King Philip II a report on missionary activities in the New World. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

PHILIP II: As I’m sure you know, the kingdom greatly appreciates the work you and your brothers are doing. Not only are you extending the reach of the church, but you are also. Tell me, what is your approach to converting the natives?

YOU: Primarily we’ve been. This seems to have been mostly successful.

 

Identify the result of each event that occurred during Juan de Oñate’s time in New Mexico.

Event
Result
Oñate receives authorization to make an expedition.
 
Oñate arrives among the Ácoma.
 
Oñate sails for Spain.
 
 

Identify the result of each event that occurred during Juan de Oñate’s time in New Mexico.

Event
Result
Oñate arrives in the Tewa pueblo.
 
Oñate reaches the Ácoma pueblo.
 
Oñate is removed as governor.
 
 

Identify the result of each event that occurred during Juan de Oñate’s time in New Mexico.

Event
Result
The natives of the Tewa pueblo stop providing Oñate’s men with food.
 
The natives of the Ácoma pueblo rebel against Oñate’s men.
 
Oñate is found guilty of committing atrocities against Native Americans.
 
 

Why was Oñate’s response to the Ácoma uprising considered to be disproportionate to what he encountered?

His men used cannons against natives armed with arrows and stones.

His soldiers outnumbered the natives by a five-to-one ratio.

He sent word to King Philip II, who sent a platoon of royal soldiers to assist Oñate.

 

What event triggered the resistance of the Ácoma natives?

Oñate and his men publicly insulted the faith of the natives, thereby insulting their ancestors.

Oñate had been at war with neighboring tribes, and they sent warnings to Ácoma.

Oñate’s men used force in an attempt to take food and provisions from the natives.

 

Following the seige of Ácoma, what other atrocity did Oñate oversee during his time as governor?

He tortured and executed Native Americans who refused to renounce their faith and accept Christianity.

He ordered that a foot be cut off of any Ácoma man older than twenty-five as additional punishment for the rebellion.

He forced Spanish settlers to become slaves and assist in building the church at Tewa.