HSCO 502 Quiz 3 Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood solutions complete answers

HSCO 502 Quiz 3 Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood solutions complete answers 

 

· Question 1

 

 
 
 
Fluid intelligence is to ____________ as crystallized intelligence is to ____________.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 2

 

 
 
 
When considering primary and second control strategies, which statement is FALSE:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 3

 

 
 
 
Arnett’s research suggests that young adults today believe that adulthood is primarily defined
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 4

 

 
 
 
Which of the following is the best example of fifth-stage thinking?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 5

 

 
 
 
The two types of stress management presented by Lazarus and Folkman are
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 6

 

 
 
 
What can you reliably predict about normal age-related changes in cognitive functioning in middle adulthood?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 7

 

 
 
 
Studies of brain activity during the early adult years suggest an increased capacity for
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 8

 

 
 
 
Which of the following is the most important factor in helping young adults avoid a slide into poverty?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 9

 

 
 
 
In Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory, the fundamental psychological needs they described include
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 10

 

 
 
 
The extent to which a person experiences nervousness, fear, anger, sadness, contempt, and guilt is called
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 11

 

 
 
 
High concentrations of ______________ secreted by cells of the immune system are related to maladaptive inflammation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 12

 

 
 
 
King and Kitchener offer specific suggesions for those that work with emerging adults. Which of the following is NOT one of their recommedations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 13

 

 
 
 
Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the timing of indicators of adulthood in people’s lives today?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 14

 

 
 
 
Which of the following does NOT contribute to social segregation for the elderly?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 15

 

 
 
 
A positive emotional style
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 16

 

 
 
 
How do the attitudes toward death among elderly people compare to the attitudes of younger age groups?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 17

 

 
 
 
Gender differences in career choice are influenced by gender-role beliefs and life style preferences including this notion
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 18

 

 
 
 
In a study of relationship satisfaction and stability over a 3-year period, which of the following types of partnerships was the most likely to break up?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 19

 

 
 
 
Which of the following is not one of the dimensions that Kitchener used to differentiate the stages of reflective judgment?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 20

 

 
 
 
Which statement regarding the research findings of partner selection is NOT accurate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 21

 

 
 
 
Among the important differences between adult pair-bonds and infant-caregiver bonds include all of the following aspects, EXCEPT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 22

 

 
 
 
Video response. Review the video on, page 481 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. 
Statement 1: John stated three changes relevant to middle age; physical ability declines, mental abilities are still intake, and there are some sexual changes for men, but not to the extent that women experience.
Statement 2: John stated that he has experience significant decline in his physical abilities, his ability to be successful as an adult student, and has encountered erectile dysfunction. 
Statement 3: a. John’s commentary on middle age demonstrates the concept of regulation of loss, representing an adaption of expectations.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 23

 

 
 
 
The happiest people have excellent social relationships. This is because
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 24

 

 
 
 
Video response. Review the video on, page 569 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. 
Statement 1: Thelma uses the concept of selection in deciding what activities she will participate in, in order to maintain her health and wellness. 
Statement 2:  Thelma and her sister downsized from a large home, to a retirement community as a way of optimizing their environment to match their life stage and desires. 
Statement 3: Thelma is not able to compensate for the restraints her age places on her physical abilities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 25

 

 
 
 
The “Big Five” personality traits are
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 26

 

 
 
 
Which of the following has not been proposed as a reason why people seek meaning in their lives?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 27

 

 
 
 
The “American paradox” refers to
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 28

 

 
 
 
Which of the following is not one of Kitchener’s stages of thinking dimensions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 29

 

 
 
 
Based upon research about marital relationships conducted by Gottman, what feature of a relationship best predicts the demise of a relationship?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 30

 

 
 
 
Which of the following assumptions is NOT indicative of the life span development model?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 31

 

 
 
 
Which of the following are aspects of palliative care?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 32

 

 
 
 
Video response. Review the video on, page 411 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. 
Statement 1: the video demonstrates Gary’s conflict between returning to a previous status of relying on his parents while in graduate school and the obligation he feels to be independent and care for his family.
Statement 2:  Gary feels like his success thus far is attributed to the values that his parent exemplified and reflects their support and expectations for him. 
Statement 3: Gary is an example of the failure to launch syndrome and is comfortable relying on his parents for support while in graduate school.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 33

 

 
 
 
In late adulthood, many of the physical losses of middle adulthood (e.g., sensory decline) continue. For people over 65 there is also a new physical problem that about half of the population must contend with, called
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 34

 

 
 
 
In a dimensional analysis of adult attachment style (as opposed to a simple set of attachment categories), the focus is on the degree to which a certain tendency is exhibited. What two continuous dimensions or tendencies seem to characterize most attachment scales?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 35

 

 
 
 
Which of the following individuals would most likely be in the reorganizational stage according to Schaie’s view of adult adjustment?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 36

 

 
 
 
When a parent is classified as “dismissive” tend to have babies that are
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 37

 

 
 
 
Video response. Review the video on, page 503 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. 
Statement 1: Pam had limited awareness of how significant Laurel was being affected immediately after the divorce and did not respond to her daughter’s issues.
Statement 2:  One of the main contributions to Laurels post-divorce problems are her feeling like she had lost control.  
Statement 3: Pam made a wise choice to overcompensate for the separation anxiety and control issues that Laurel was having by setting very few boundaries.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 38

 

 
 
 
What statement is FALSE regarding sterotypes and age discrimination research:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 39

 

 
 
 
Research on mate selection indicates that people choose mates on the basis of all of the following characteristics, except for
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 40

 

 
 
 
How do sociologists classify actions like entry into marriage and becoming a parent?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 41

 

 
 
 
Which of the following is the most likely physical change that most adults will experience in their 40s ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 42

 

 
 
 
Which statement is CORRECT regarding the attchment prototypes in peer/romatic tradition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 43

 

 
 
 
Cross-cultural research findings indicate that
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 44

 

 
 
 
Reitzes and Mutran suggest Several factors at preretirement are strong predictors of positive attitudes toward retirement later, including
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 45

 

 
 
 
According to research by Baltes and associates, in which decade is wisdom acquistion most important?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 46

 

 
 
 
Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 47

 

 
 
 
According to Erikson’s theory, which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 48

 

 
 
 
Video response. Review the video on, page 559 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. 
Statement 1: Alvin stated that the most difficult part of having Alzheimer’s disease was having to tell his children and grandchildren. 
Statement 2: Alvin’s friend Jan recognized that he went from being very organized to misplacing things.
Statement 3: One issues with Alvin’s disease is he often loses personal items.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 49

 

 
 
 
Petersen and Steward found that the characteristics related to high levels of generativity in adolescents and young adults are:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Question 50

 

 
 
 
“The reminiscence bump” refers to
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Study Quest. 1

Counselors should know that the period between the ages of 15 and 24 is
 
·         Study Quest. 4

 

 
 
 
When the life goals of college and noncollege young adults are compared, which of the following is true?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 5

 

 
 
 
Doug, Diana, Tyrone, Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate. Tyrone reasons in Position 3 (early multiplicity). Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Tyrone’s viewpoint?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 6

 

 
 
 
Erikson believed that a sense of industry, believing in and taking pleasure in one’s ability to be productive, first emerges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 7

 

 
 
 
Jane is a newly minted therapist who works with couples and families. Her decision was motivated by her sister Melinda’s experience of spousal abuse. When Jane meets with her supervisor to review cases, he points out that when her female clients cry or describe intense conflicts with their husbands, Jane takes their side. She believes her supervisor is blind to the signs of abuse. What critical thinking pitfall do Jane’s reactions show?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 9

.

 
 
 
Which of the following has the greatest potential to interfere with mature critical thinking and reflective judgment?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 10

 

 
 
 
When a parent is classified as “dismissive” on the basis of an attachment interview assessing the parent’s attachment to early caregivers, that parent’s baby is most likely to have an attachment to the parent that is classified as
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 11

.

 
 
 
In studies of problem discussion and conflict management between partners, individuals with which type of attachment style are most likely to report feeling hostile and angry after a discussion session?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 12

.

 
 
 
According to Holland’s description of modal personal orientations, Danielle has an “enterprising” style, she is sociable, domineering, energetic, ambitious, talkative, optimistic, and assertive. According to Holland’s theory of career development, Danielle’s career counselor should
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 13

 

 
 
 
Consider the role of gender in selecting a major in college. Which of the following is true?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 14

.

 
 
 
 Research on job satisfaction indicates which of the following?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 16

.

 
 
 
Doug, Diana, Tyrone, Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate. According to Perry’s scheme, Doug’s thinking is dualistic (Position 1). Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Doug’s viewpoint?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 17

.

 
 
 
When Ms. S completed the attachment interview assessing her own relationship to her early caregivers, she provided answers that were coherent and collaborative, and she acknowledged the importance of attachment-related experiences in her development. Her attachment status would most likely be categorized as
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 18

.

 
 
 
Arnett proposes that the stage of life from age 18 to approximately 25 be called
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 19

.

 
 
 
Ms. S. and her infant just participated in an attachment Study Quest.. First, Ms. S. was interviewed to determine how she represented her attachment relationship with her own early caregivers. Second, the researchers assessed the quality of her baby’s attachment to Ms. S. They are seeking to identify relationships between a parent’s working model of attachment and the quality of the attachment the infants form with them. This attachment Study Quest. is part of which research tradition?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 20

.

 
 
 
Janet and her twin brother Harris are 22 years old, and they are both looking for jobs following college graduation. If Janet and Harris are typical of women and men in general, which of the following criteria will play a stronger role in Janet’s job choice than in Harris’s job choice?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 21

.

 
 
 
Based upon research on Perry’s theory, helping professionals should provide ____________ for dualists and ____________ for multiplists.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 22

.

 
 
 
Doug, Diana, Tyrone, Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate. Louis displays contextual relativism in his thinking (Position 5). Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Louis’s viewpoint?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 23

.

 
 
 
Jane is a newly minted therapist who works with couples and families. Her decision was motivated by her sister Melinda’s experience of spousal abuse. When Jane meets with her supervisor to review cases, he points out that when her female clients cry or describe intense conflicts with their husbands, Jane takes their side. She believes her supervisor is blind to the signs of abuse. According to Kitchener’s theory, on what assumption is Jane operating?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·          

·         Study Quest. 24

.

 
 
 
Which of the following individuals embodies the kind of thinking that occurs at Perry’s highest level, Position 9?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 25

.

 
 
 
Donna runs a day care center. After many years of hard work, the business has grown and provides a steady income. Donna’s daughter, Elaine, has asked Donna to give her a loan for a down payment on a business of her own. In order to provide this loan, Donna would have to cut expenses at the day care center, including reducing staff by at least two employees. What is the primary characteristic that points to a particular stage of cognitive functioning in Elaine’s case?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 26

.

 
 
 
Doug, Diana, Tyrone, Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate. Diana is operating at Position 2 (multiplicity pre-legitimate). Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Diana’s viewpoint?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 28

.

 
 
 
Despite the disagreements among theorists about the existence of a fifth stage of cognitive development, nearly all agree that
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·         Study Quest. 29

.

 
 
 
For helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective in their therapeutic approach to clients, what is expected to be the primary mechanism of change?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Question 1

 

In Gottman’s (1999) research, which of the following “four horsemen of the apocalypse” behaviors is most predictive of relationship failure?

 

Question 2

 

According to Carter and McGoldrick, one of the second-order changes in the family in the launching period is

 

Question 3

 

Peggy, a 62-year-old woman, has been unable to work for the past year because of a back injury that she sustained at her job as a cafeteria worker. Her adult son, Brian, lives close enough for her to babysit his two young children on a regular basis. Peggy’s daughter, Linda, lives in another part of the state and recently had a new baby boy named Luke. Linda has asked her mother to move in with her to help care for her newborn. Based upon the life span development model, for which of the following individuals is maintenance the most characteristic mode of adaptation?

 

Question 4

 

Which of the following is the most likely physical change that most adults will experience in their 40s?

 

Question 5

 

Janine is a 45-year-old accountant who has considerable experience in working as a consultant with firms who are undergoing mergers and acquisitions. Recently one of the firms she successfully helped through a difficult acquisition has offered her a position as Vice President. She has never managed a major corporate division before. Based on what you know about women leaders, what would you predict about her leadership style?

 

Question 6

 

Based upon research about marital relationships conducted by Gottman, what feature of a relationship best predicts the demise of a relationship?

 

Question 7

 

Research indicates a history-graded effect for cohorts of children and adolescents growing up in the United States today. Which of these is the best description of this effect?

 

Question 8

 

Sonya is a successful therapist with three adult children. She is 50 years old and in relatively good health. Sonya has some minor aches and stiff joints, mostly stemming from an old knee injury she suffered while playing sports in college. She and her husband reside on the West coast near Sonya’s elderly father. Her younger daughter is still in middle school. Her two older children live in different states, and her oldest son has been diagnosed with HIV. Sonya tries to bring the family together as often as she can, but it is usually only once or twice a year. She is involved in her community and is a generous donor to programs that support research on AIDS. Which of the following describes Sonya or her life stage?

 

Question 9

 

The “Big Five” personality traits are

 

Question 10

 

Joe, a 52-year-old, lost his job when the plant he managed was closed, and his overall life satisfaction plummeted. After 9 months out of work, Joe was fortunate to find another, similar position. What can we expect for Joe now?

 

Question 11

 

Cross-cultural research findings indicate that

 

Question 12

 

Chen and Anne come to counseling because they are on the brink of a divorce. After five years of marriage, Anne sees Chen as a highly controlling individual who micromanages their bank account. She’s tired of her husband always nagging about money, and says she doesn’t feel like she’s getting anything positive out of her relationship. Chen considers Anne’s spending extravagant. He blames her family background for creating her lack of responsibility. From Chen’s perspective, what theory about marriage would explain the relationship failure?

 

Question 13

 

Fluid intelligence is to ____________ as crystallized intelligence is to ____________.

 

Question 14

 

Research on mate selection indicates that people choose mates on the basis of all of the following characteristics, except for

 

Question 15

 

Geraldo and Rose have been dating since high school. Rose has spoken to Geraldo about getting engaged, but Geraldo is hesitant. He feels close to Rose and shares his feelings and concerns with her, but he no longer feels very sexually attracted to her. He says he feels more like a brother to Rose than a lover. According to Steinberg, what type of love does Geraldo feel for Rose?

 

Question 16

 

Which of the following assumptions distinguishes life span developmental approaches to human development from other developmental approaches?

 

Question 17

 

Chen and Anne come to counseling because they are on the brink of a divorce. After five years of marriage, Anne sees Chen as a highly controlling individual who micromanages their bank account. She’s tired of her husband always nagging about money, and says she doesn’t feel like she’s getting anything positive out of her relationship. Chen considers Anne’s spending extravagant. He blames her family background for creating her lack of responsibility. From Anne’s perspective, what theory about marriage would explain the relationship failure?

 

Question 18

 

According to Erikson and Vaillant, which of the following statements best captures the psychological state that is typical of midlife?

 

Question 19

 

According to Erikson’s theory, which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?

 

Question 20

 

In his approach to couples therapy, Gottman encourages couples to recognize relationship problems that are the result of differences in temperament and attitudes (e.g., different approaches to money) as chronic and inevitable, much like chronic physical ailments that come on as we get older. This approach is similar to ____________, one of the adaptive mechanisms described by life span developmental theorists.

 

 

 
The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
 
 
 
According to Bowlby's attachment theory, which of the following purpose(s) have attachment systems evolved to serve, for both the younger and the older infant?
 
 
 
According to Carter and McGoldrick, one of the second-order changes in the family in the launching period is
 
 
 
According to Erikson and Vaillant, which of the following statements best captures the psychological state that is typical of midlife ?
 
 
 
According to Erikson's theory, which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?
 
 
 
According to Erikson, what are the processes involved in the development of identity?
 
 
 
According to research by Baltes and associates, in which decade is the growth of wisdom likely to be greatest?
 
 
 
According to research on adult partner selection, secure individuals tend to select ____________ individuals as partners.
 
 
 
According to research on self-concept in children, which of the following aspects of self-concept is most closely tied to overall level of self-esteem?
 
 
 
According to Vygotsky, language is one product of shared understanding among members of a social group and may be considered a ____________ that facilitates learning and thinking.
 
 
 
Arnett proposes that the stage of life from age 18 to approximately 25 be called
 
 
 
Assimilation can be described as ____________ and accommodation can be described as ____________.
 
 
 
At what age would a young child typically show self-recognition, the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror?
 
 
 
Based upon research about marital relationships conducted by Gottman, what feature of a relationship best predicts the demise of a relationship?
 
 
 
Based upon research on Perry's theory, helping professionals should provide ____________ for dualists and ____________ for multiplists.
 
 
 
Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants, but self-conscious emotions such as ____________ only emerge in childhood.
 
 
 
Becoming aware of the "Me" self, the self that recognizes one's gender and age, occurs roughly around what age?
 
 
 
Before using cognitive therapies with children, which of the following is an important area of cognitive skill that clinicians should assess in their young clients?
 
 
 
Beginning in the first hours after birth, caregivers interaction with infants in ways that enhance positive affect and attention, such as
 
 
 
Beliefs about sex differences sometimes are supported by research and sometimes are not. Which of the following gender stereotypes is not supported by research?
 
 
 
Brain growth during adolescence appears to be influenced by the hormonal changes of puberty. What effects do these hormonal changes seem to have?
 
 
 
The brain is commonly classified into three main parts. They are
 
 
 
By middle childhood, boys' choices of companions tend to be based on shared interests, whereas girls' choices of companions tend to be based more on
 
 
 
Caring for others is an example of a ____________, while using a proper form of address, such as Mister or Miss, is an example of a ____________.
 
 
 
A coping style which has been linked to higher levels of depression among adolescent girls and women is
 
 
 
A counselor helping a young adult client with procrastination must recognize that this problem can have many sources. In young adulthood, one common developmental source is
 
 
 
Counselors apply multidimensional models most explicitly in their work with clients when they
 
 
 
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.
 
 
 
Counselors should know that the period between the ages of 15 and 24 is
 
 
 
Counselors who use attachment based family therapy (ABFT) with troubled adolescents and their families
 
 
 
Counselors working with school-age children and adolescents need to recognize that gender identity continues to develop in these years. Among the important findings from recent research is that girls tend to feel
 
 
 
Counselors working with young children should know that children as young as ____________ usually show some knowledge of gender-related preferences and activities.
 
 
 
The dimension of parenting style called parental responsiveness can usefully be broken down into two characteristics: acceptance (affection, involvement, concern) and
 
 
 
The epigenome is the full set of factors, from the cell to the outside world, that controls the expression of
 
 
 

 
Erikson believed that a sense of industry, believing in and taking pleasure in one's ability to be productive, first emerges
 
 
 
Evan is 52 years old. Recently, he has been reflecting on the unfathomable complexity of ultimate truth and appreciating that even if we have faith in such a truth, it is unknowable. These reflections suggest that Evan has reached which of Fowler's stages of faith development?
 
 
 
Experimentation with deviant or risky behaviors (drug use, vandalism, sex, truancy, etc.) in adolescence is
 
 
 
Fluid intelligence is to ____________ as crystallized intelligence is to ____________.
 
 
 
For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g., alcohol use), one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion. Before a counselor can do so effectively, she must
 
 
 
For counselors who work with abused and maltreated children, which of the following statements draws an appropriate conclusion from research on social cognition and friendships?
 
 
 
For helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective in their therapeutic approach to clients, what is expected to be the primary mechanism of change?
 
 
 
High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?
 
 
 
How do sociologists classify actions like entry into marriage and becoming a parent?
 
 
 
How do the attitudes toward death among elderly people compare to the attitudes of younger age groups?
 
 
 
How is the gender of an elderly person linked to whether or not others have negative, stereotyped expectations of that person?
 
 
 
The idea that children's development is affected by biological factors, and that biological factors are also affected by the environment and experience, is part of
 
 
 
Imagine that you are counseling a 6th grader on how to improve her study skills so that she will remember more information on tests. Not only do you teach her some memory strategies, you also encourage her to engage in self-testing so that she will begin self- monitoring, that is, keeping track of how well she is remembering new material. What kind of skill is this kind of self-monitoring?
 
 
 
In a classic study of the development of separation distress, Schaffer and Emerson (1964) found
 
 
 
In a dimensional analysis of adult attachment style (as opposed to a simple set of attachment categories), the focus is on the degree to which a certain tendency is exhibited. What two continuous dimensions or tendencies seem to characterize most attachment scales?
 
 
 
In Ainsworth et al.'s (1978) study of attachment formation, some mothers were less responsive to their babies' signals than others. One group of mothers seemed to be reluctant to hold their babies, showed less warmth and affection than other mothers, and were more rejecting and angry. When their babies were tested in the strange situation test, the children tended to fit which category of attachment?
 
 
 
In a study of relationship satisfaction and stability over a 3-year period, which of the following types of partnerships was the most likely to break up?
 
 
 
In Bronfenbrenner's model, proximal processes refer to
 
 
 

 
In Erikson's concept of the final stage of life, achievement of integrity can be construed as "a gift of courage and caring for the generations that follow" because
 
 
 
In Gottman's (1999) research, which of the following "four horsemen of the apocalypse" behaviors is most predictive of relationship failure?
 
 
 
In his approach to couples therapy, Gottman encourages couples to recognize relationship problems that are the result of differences in temperament and attitudes (e.g., different approaches to money) as chronic and inevitable, much like chronic physical ailments that come on as we get older. This approach is similar to ____________, one of the adaptive mechanisms described by life span developmental theorists.
 
 
 
In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, the fundamental psychological needs they described include
 
 
 
In studies of problem discussion and conflict management between partners, individuals with which type of attachment style are most likely to report feeling hostile and angry after a discussion session?
 
 
 
In Super's developmental approach to career satisfaction, he argues that an individual's vocational self-concept evolves over time. What is the career development stage that usually characterizes adolescents and young adults?
 
 
 
The internalization of rules and standards of behavior is most closely associated with the development of
 
 
 
Izard and others have found that at birth or soon after, infants' facial expressions display which of the following emotions?
 
 
 
Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, which of the following influences on Juan's development represents an example of a proximal process?
 
 
 
Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes
 
 
 
The maturing of the corpus callosum by middle childhood is especially important for
 
 
 
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income, and occupation is called
 
 
 
Memory is to some degree reconstructed. This accounts for the phenomenon of
 
 
 
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a continuous process are called
 
 
 
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a function of reciprocal influences, both from within the person and from the external environment are called
 
 
 
Most men can expect some changes in testosterone levels and possibly in their sexual function in their 40s. Which of the following changes is most likely?
 
 
 
Most postnatal brain growth depends upon the proliferation of
 
 
 
Negative reinforcement is best described as
 
 
 
Neurons communicate with each other
 
 
 
Normally developing motor and visual milestones for a 4-month-old include
 
 
 
One factor that promotes self-esteem among minority group members is
 
 
 
One gender-related characteristic of peer evaluations is that
 
 
 

 
One theory about grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one is that bereaved individuals eventually reorganize their grief, discovering ways to hold on to the memory of the deceased and integrate that memory into their current life and new attachments. This idea is attributable to the work of
 
 
 
One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote
 
 
 
On the basis of research on parenting, what advice should counselors give parents about how much to be involved in their adolescents' school life?
 
 
 
Parents who give reasons for the rules they set in ways that their children can understand are using what disciplinary method?
 
 
 
A parent whose own working model of attachment is "preoccupied/entangled" is likely to have an infant with which of the following kinds of attachment
 
 
 
People are generally motivated to evaluate themselves favorably in relation to others. This tendency is called a
 
 
 
A person who perceives neutral events as containing aggressive or threatening meaning is said to possess a
 
 
 
Piaget's description of the differences between preoperational thought (characteristic of preschool aged children) and concrete operational thought (characteristic of elementary school aged children), includes which of the following?
A. Preoperational thought occurs in the frontal lobes, but concrete operational thought occurs in the corpus callosum.
 
 
 
Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system. Which of the following explains the beginning of this process?
 
 
 
Research indicates that children's feelings of autonomy from peers are likely to be at their lowest point for which of the following age groups?
 
 
 
Research indicates that mothers talk more to girls, that parents talk more about emotions to girls, that parents put more pressure on boys to suppress crying, and that teachers are more disapproving of girls than of boys when they are highly active. Which of the following theories argues that these modeling and rewarding processes are the most important influences on sex differences in behavior?
 
 
 
Research using habituation and preferential response paradigms has provided us with much of what we know about the infant's perceptual abilities. The habituation paradigm takes advantage of
 
 
 
Roberto, at 15, is finding that he loves to take chances. He enjoys the sensation of being on the edge of danger, whether he is trying a new drug, or riding in a car at top speed with his friends. He frequently looks to his friends before he tries something new, reasoning that if his friends aren't worried about the consequences, then he need not worry either. His reasoning reflects
 
 
 
Schulman (2002) defines morality as composed of three interlocking systems, including
 
 
 

 
Theorizing about grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one has traditionally centered on the importance of "letting go" of the loved one and accepting the loss. This focus is attributable to the work of
 
 
 
The two types of stress management presented by Lazarus and Folkman are
 
 
 
Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?
 
 
 
Vygotsky believed that egocentric or private speech (talking aloud to one's self) played an important role in cognitive development by
 
 
 
Vygotsky pointed out that children do not independently construct a definition for each a word they learn, but rather they learn the meanings that the surrounding culture has ascribed to each word. This central concept in Vygotsky's theory is called
 
 
 
What does Savin-Williams (2005) argue about the nature of sexual orientation?
 
 
 
When a parent is classified as "dismissive" on the basis of an attachment interview assessing the parent's attachment to early caregivers, that parent's baby is most likely to have an attachment to the parent that is classified as
 
 
 
When clinicians assess a client's presenting problem(s) in order to plan for treatment, which of the following approaches to diagnosis reflects a developmental viewpoint?
 
 
 

 
When interviewers use the guided imagery technique to help young children remember what they have witnessed, there is danger of creating false memories in the children because of their difficulty with
 
 
 
When the life goals of college and noncollege young adults are compared, which of the following is true?
 
 
 
Which of the following are aspects of palliative care?
 
 
 
Which of the following aspects of friendship development does Selman believe is not influenced and informed by a child's perspective taking skills?
 
 
 
Which of the following best represents Mead's contribution to our understanding of self-development?
 
 
 
Which of the following elements is most closely associated with the concept of the imaginary audience?
 
 
 
Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
 
 
 
Which of the following individuals embodies the kind of thinking that occurs at Perry's highest level, Position 9?
 
 
 
Which of the following individuals would most likely be in the reorganizational stage according to Schaie's view of adult adjustment?
 
 
 
Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior?
 
 
 
Which of the following is not true with regard to the definition of reactive attachment disorder?
 
 
 
Which of the following is the best example of a characteristic form of adolescent egocentrism?
 
 
 
Which of the following is the best example of neuroplasticity?
 
 
 
Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents?
 
 
 
Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the onset of menarche?
 
 
 
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is designed to help children develop their perspective taking and friendship skills?
 
 
 
Which of these is the best definition of relativistic thought according
 
 
 
Which of these statements reflect findings from research on gender differences in identity formation?
 
 
 
With regard to differences between males and females in math skills, which of the following is correct?
 
 
 

 
According to research by Baltes and colleagues, in which decade is the growth of wisdom likely to be greatest?
 
 
 
Franco participated in an experiment sampling study of emotional experiences. Participants ranged from 18 to 90 years old. He wore a pager and checked off the emotions he was experiencing when it went off. Franco and others reported positive emotions lasted longer for them than others in the study, but they reported negative emotional states ended more quickly. What age group is Franco likely to be in?
 
 
 
Heckhausen found in a study of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults that elderly people had fewer aspirations regarding work, finances, and family, and more aspirations related to health, community, and leisure pursuits than young adults. These age-related shifts in aspirations illustrate?
 
 
 
Henry, 79, has always enjoyed good health. However, he has begun feeling like he is slowing down and has reported this to his doctor. The doctor can find no specific cause. When Henry participated in a research study at a local university where his intellectual functioning was tested, his score had dropped dramatically since his last testing session a year earlier. Henry has the signs of
 
 
 
How do the attitudes towards death among elderly people compare to the attitudes of younger age groups?
 
 
 
In end-of-life-care, the "double effect" refers to
 
 
 
In late adulthood, many of physical losses of middle adulthood continue. For people over 65 there is a new physical problem that about half of the population must contend with, called
 
 
 
In several studies of the benefits of searching for meaning in the loss of a loved one. which of the following individuals were likely to show the most distress in the long run?
 
 
 
Mary is 82 and keeps insisting that someone has been sneaking into her apartment and turning on her stove when she isn't looking. Her family has noticed that Mary has been more and more forgetful lately, and now she has begun rambling in her speech and using many words for substitutions, like "horse" for "dog". Mary is likely to be suffering from
 
 
 
regarding measures of well-being and happiness, how do people over 65 tend to fare in comparison to young or middle-aged adults?
 
 
 
Research on the use of control strategies indicate that adjusting one's life goals
 
 
 
 
Studies of people who are bereaved, whether due to the death of a loved one or their own spinal cord injuries, show similar results regarding the relationship between initial distress and later coping. Compared to other bereaved individuals, people who show the highest levels of initial distress
 
 
 
This period of time is now considered "normal" for the experience of grieving and depressive symptoms after the death of a loved one is
 
 
 
When Francesca, 62, discovered her retirement plan had suffered losses in the stock market, she realized she couldn't retire within the next year like she had planned. She met with a financial consultant, she decided to postpone her retirement by 2 years. She hopes these 2 more years will give her time to save more money. Which of the following is an accurate description of Francesca's coping at this point?
 
 
 
Which of the following does not contribute to social segregation of the elderly
 
 
 
Which of the following factors is an important predictor of a successful retirement?
 
 
 

 
Agency
 
 
 
Age-related changes in personality traits are consistent across different cultural groups
 
 
 
Children & adolescents experience higher levels of anxiety than individuals in previous generations
 
 
 
Coming to terms with his injury and the loss of his job and income
 
 
 
For many, it will take longer for eyes to adapt to changes in light than before
 
 
 
Intrapersonal Theory
 
 
 
mechanics; pragmatics
 
 
 
Most people need to take a little more time when solving complex problems
 
 
 
Negative affect reciprocity
 
 
 
Older men produce less seminal fluid during ejaculation than when they were younger
 
 
 
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN OR NEO-AC)
 
 
 
overall life satisfaction will rise, but not return to baseline
 
 
 
The parents did not try to make the child more outgoing
 
 
 
Returning to physical therapy so that (s)he can go back to his job as a truck dirver
 
 
 
Seeking out counseling to help him deal with his anxiety & learn about his options for a new career
 
 
 
She will probably be agentic & democratic
 
 
 
Social Exchange Theory
 
 
 
Son's diagnosis of HIV
 
 
 

 
The "American paradox" refers to:
 
 
 
Anna must care for children as well as a sick loved one on a day-to-day basis. She also needs to keep her job. This situation places her under considerable stress. Coping of this type is called coping with :
 
 
 
At 50 years old, Andrew is an important source of support for his younger sister who has a serious disability. As a computer engineer, Andrew has made a practice of designing computer devices that help his sister and others in her situation interact with the wider world. Andrew sees his work as important in the lives of other people. Andrew's view of his life is an example of:
 
 
 
Daniel is very extroverted. He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people, and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others. His cousin Bill, about the same age, is very introverted. Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits. Based on these personality characteristics alone, what can you predict about the subjective well-being of Daniel and Bill?
 
 
 
Evan is 52 years old. Recently, he has been reflecting on the unfathomable complexity of ultimate truth and appreciating that even if we have faith in such a truth, it is unknowable. These reflections suggest that Evan has reached which of Fowler's stages of faith development?
 
 
 
The extent to which a person experiences nervousness, fear, anger, sadness, contempt, and guilt is called:
 
 
 
High concentrations of ______________ secreted by cells of the immune system are related to maladaptive inflammation.
 
 
 
In Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory, the fundamental psychological needs they described include:
 
 
 
Intentionally paying attention to one's present experience without judgment is a definition for:
 
 
 
Marquita sees the universe as a product of intelligent planning. She believes that the creation of the universe, of life, and of human beings has a purpose even if that purpose is not accessible to her. Marquita's philosophy of the universe and its underlying plan is an example of:
 
 
 
Researchers believe that the key characteristic that explains the therapeutic benefits of cognitive therapy is:
 
 
 
"Spiritual transcendence" may be:
 
 
 
The two types of stress management presented by Lazarus and Folkman are:
 
 
 
Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a reason why people seek meaning in their lives?
 
 
 
Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Counselors who use attachment based family therapy (ABFT) with troubled adolescents and their families use an........
 
 
 
With regard to adult attachment style, which 2 continuous dimensions or tendencies seem to characterize more attachment scales
 
 
 
An adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style is LEAST likely to choose an adult with an ______attachment style
 
 
 
This attachment style in relationships is most likely to report feelings of hostility and anger
 
 
 
This type of relationship is most likely to break up
 
 
 
When client provides coherent and collaborative answers acknowledging the importance of attachment-related experiences in his/her development, that client has a _______attachment status
 
 
 
In regard to attachment, when a parent is classified as "dismissive", the child will most likely be classified as...
 
 
 
After previous failure, a person who still later seems discourages and is considering giving up........
 
 
 
The most important factor in helping young adults avoid a slide into poverty
 
 
 
This is expected to be the primary mechanism of change for helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective
 
 
 
This in an important difference between child-adult and adult-adult attachments
 
 
 
Current research indicates that in the last 50 years, gender differences in career development.......
 
 
 
Research on job satisfaction indicates....
 
 
 
This outcome will likely be hound of a client who is part of an attachment study as an infant & then interviewed as an adult to assess adult attachment style
 
 
 
An adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style may report _________in a romantic relationship
 
 
 
This is true in regard to life goals for college and non-college young adults
 
 
 
The research tradition that seeks to identify relationships between a parent's working model of attachment and infant attachment quality
 
 
 
Among 6-17 year-olds, what attachment needs shift to peers even for the youngest children referenced?
 
 
 
Research suggest that secure individuals tend to select ______individuals as partners
 
 
 
When a client shows a lapse in logical thinking, especially when talking about traumatic experiences, with regard to attachment status, (s)he would be most likely categorized as...
 

 
Anna is 44, divorced, and a mother of two. Anna's father has been diagnosed with lung cancer. Anna needs to take him to medial appointments while managing a full-time job. She goes to the employee assistance counselor at work. The counselor understands that the demands on Anna are too great given her resources, a phenomena called
 
 
 
Anna must care for her children and a sick loved one on a day-to-day basis. She also needs to keep her job. The situation places her under considerable stress. Coping of this type is called
 
 
 
At 50 Andrew is an important source of support for his younger sister who has a serious disability. As a computer engineer, he has made a practice designing computer devices that help his sister and others interact with the wider world. Andrew sees his work as important in the lives of other people. Andrew's view of his life is an example of
 
 
 
Daniel is very extroverted. He admits he isn't comfortable unless surrounded by people. His cousin Bill is very introverted. Bell is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits. Regardless of their personality, which of the following is likely to contribute most to their long-term happiness?
 
 
 
Ernest is 42 and has been out of work for 2 months. He lost his position when the company merged. He made a lot of money during his time at work and saved quite a bit, so finances are not an immediate concern. He has not been looking for work, and he feels sluggish, sleeps much more than he did, and spends more time watching TV. Based on a conservation of resources theory, how would you interpret his behavior?
 
 
 
Jason experienced the death of a loved one due to an act of violence. He comes to counseling to get help dealing with the grief and pain of the experience. Jason adjusts and demonstrates improvement in psychological functioning that exceed his level of adjustment prior to the traumatic event. This is an example of
 
 
 
Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes
 
 
 
Laboratory studies have provided evidence that which of the following statements with regards to emotional re-activity?
 
 
 
One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote
 
 
 
Paula is a client who demonstrates highly anxious tendencies. She broods over perceived mistakes, worries about how others view her, and feels that she never meets her own high standards in ways that satisfy her. Her counselor can conclude that Paula probably also has which other characteristics?
 
 
 
A positive emotional style
 
 
 
Sylvia and Joanne are both members of a support group for women. Sylvia is very religious and prays on a daily basis and attend services. Joanne isn't religious but engages in daily mindful meditation practices for many years. Both women are devastated about the loss of their spouse. What can you predict about how they will recover from their loss?
 
 
 
Tyrone is 35 and an advertising exec. Lately he has had shortness of breath and difficulty sleeping. He explains to a counselor that he has been having more trouble dealing with work and family responsibilities. An intake interview reveals that his mother suffered from a diagnosed affective disorder. This piece of information might indicate the presence of
 
 
 
Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?
 
 
 

 
 
 
that system intended to allow people to respond to reinforcement and to approach and to engage with the environment
 
 
 
The circuit related to withdrawal and avoidance behaviors shaped through evolution to help keep people out of harms way
 
 
 
Chronic problematic situations. Very important to the development of psychological as well as physical symptoms
 
 
 
premorbid conditions or predispositions that render individuals vulnerable to some disorder under certain circumstances. Vulnerability or diatheses can be acquired through genetics or learned
 
 
 
sense of purpose, growth and mastery
 
 
 
emphasis on happiness and positive emotion
 
 
 
this occurs because cortisol inhibits the proliferation or blunts the responses of certain types of cytokines
 
 
 
The psychological model has been useful in conceptualizing mechanisms involve drug tolerance epilepsy, and affective disorders. Kindling-sensizatation describes a process of progressive illness severity or illness incidence that results from gradual increases in sensitivity to stressful triggers
 
 
 
Discrete often traumatic events that have a clear onset
 
 
 
a family of complex emotional and regulatorary training regimes developed for various ends including the cultivation of well-being and emotional balance
 
 
 
or the extent to which a person experiences nervousness, fear anger, sadness, contempt, and guilt is a part of the behavioral inhibition system
 
 
 
the extent to which a person experiences enthusiasm, alertness, joy, confidence, and determination and is a part of the behavioral facilitation system
 
 
 
a positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life circumstances
 
 
 
the study of the interactions between the central nervous system, the immune system and behavior
 
 
 
the striving for the realization of one's true potential which includes autonomy, personal growth, self-acceptance, life purpose, mastery, and positive relatedness
 
 
 
When demands are too great given the available resources. Takes a toll on health and well-being
 
 
 
Self- realization is at the core of eudeamonic well-being. Life satisfaction is derived from the fulfillment of psychological needs for autonomy (feeling that one's behaviors are self endorsed), competence (expressing ones talents and skills), and relatedness (opportunities to feel cared for and valued by others)
 
 
 
Is frequently synonumously used with happiness. The measure of overall life satisfaction, frequency of positive and negative moods. People rate their agreement by answering questions like: so far I have gotten what I want out of life