$9.90
PHIL 201 Quiz 2 Logic, Fallacy and Argument solutions complete answers
PHIL 201 Quiz 2 Logic, Fallacy and Argument solutions complete answers
Inductive reasoning always moves from particulars to universals.
In a valid “mode of denying” deductive argument, when the consequent is denied in a premise, the only valid conclusion would be:
According to Holland & Forrest, an argument in which the premises are properly, logically, relevantly connected to the conclusion is described as:
A contradiction within an argument does not necessarily mean the argument is faulty.
According to Holland & Forrest, an “argument” should be understood as the process of giving a systematic account of reasons in support of a claim.
We know that the laws of logic are self-evident and undeniable because
Suppose that an argument applies a double standard without warrant. What would that fallacy be called, according to our text?
1
Propositions are evaluated according to their
2
A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
3
It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
4
A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
5
The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6
Identify the fallacy: The Bible says we should do to others what we would have them to do for us.
Therefore I have no problem sharing the questions and answers of this quiz with another student.
7
The fallacy of equivocation occurs when the meaning of a significant term changes in the middle of an argument.
8
This fallacy argues erroneously from the whole to each of the parts:
9
This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
10
Slippery slope and straw man are really doing the same thing, just in a different order.
11
One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
12
The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
13
Ad Hoc refers to:
14
The two great enemies of good arguments are:
15
A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
16
An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
17
An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
18
Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
19
If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
20
Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
1
A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
2
The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
3
If one agrees with the conclusion of an argument then it is a good argument.
4
The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
5
The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6
This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
7
A fallacy of ambiguity:
8
“Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
9
The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
10
Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his reelection campaign.
11
One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
12
The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
13
Occam’s razor says:
14
Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
15
Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
16
In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
17
Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
18
A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
19
An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
20
Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
1
According to the reading, even God cannot create a contradiction.
2
The three parts of an argument are _____________, inference, and conclusion:
3
Identify the following type of argument: If Frank goes to the store, then Ben will go to the library. Frank went to the store, so Ben went to the library:
4
A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
5
The Latin phrase that means “it does not follow” is:
6
“Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
7
This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
8
The red herring fallacy:
9
The fallacy of equivocation occurs when the meaning of a significant term changes in the middle of an argument.
10
Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
11
Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
12
The explanation that can be understood with the least amount of effort, vagueness, and ambiguity has the best:
13
The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
14
One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
15
Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
16
An analogy is an inductive argument.
17
In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
18
The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
19
An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
20
Consider this argument: “There are more churches in New York City than in any other city in the USA. New York City also has the highest amount of violent crime of any city in the USA. It’s pretty obvious that to relieve the crime problem we should reduce the churches.” Which informal fallacy is involved here?
1
If one agrees with the conclusion of an argument then it is a good argument.
2
Identify the following type of argument: If Frank goes to the store, then Ben will go to the library.
Frank went to the store, so Ben went to the library:
3
In deductive reasoning, the argument is either valid or invalid.
4
A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
5
The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6
Identify the fallacy: The Bible says we should do to others what we would have them to do for us.
Therefore I have no problem sharing the questions and answers of this quiz with another student.
7
This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
8
“Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
9
This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
10
A fallacy of ambiguity:
11
The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others:
12
One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
13
One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
14
Occam’s razor says:
15
Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
16
Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
17
A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
18 In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
19
Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
20
Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
· 1
Propositions are evaluated according to their
· 2
In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
· 3
In deductive reasoning, the argument is either valid or invalid.
· 4
Identify the following type of syllogism: “All philosophers are good looking individuals. All good looking individuals are intelligent. Therefore all philosophers are intelligent.
· 5
·
The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
· 6
Identify the fallacy: There are more churches in New York City than in any other city in the USA. New York City also has the highest amount of violent crime than any other city. It’s pretty obvious that to relieve the crime problem we should reduce the churches.
· 7
“Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
· 8
A fallacy of relevance:
· 9
A fallacy of ambiguity:
· 10
A well-known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
· 11
Explanatory Scope refers to:
· 12
The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
· 13
Ad Hoc refers to:
· 14
One way to defeat an argument using an example is to respond with a counterexample.
· 15
Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
· 16
An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
· 17
Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
· 18
An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
· 19
An analogy is an inductive argument.
· 20
An inference drawn from statistical reasoning is deductive.
1
A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
2
It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
3
No inductive argument can arrive at a logically certain conclusion, i.e. in which the conclusion is necessarily true.
4
The “if” part of a hypothetical proposition is called the:
5
The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
6
The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
7
The fallacy of equivocation occurs when the meaning of a significant term changes in the middle of an argument.
8
A fallacy of relevance:
9
The red herring fallacy:
10
Explanatory Scope refers to:
11
The two great enemies of good arguments are:
12
One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
13
Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of an argument's validity?
14
One way to defeat an argument using an example is to respond with a counterexample.
15
In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
16
The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
17
An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
18
Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
19
An analogy is an inductive argument.
20
Consider this argument: “There are more churches in New York City than in any other city in the USA. New York City also has the highest amount of violent crime of any city in the USA. It’s pretty obvious that to relieve the crime problem we should reduce the churches.” Which informal fallacy is involved here?
· 1
In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
· 2
In deductive reasoning, the argument is either valid or invalid.
· 3
“Something is or is not” comes under the category of a law of logic:
· 4
It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
· 5
The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
· 6
This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
· 7
A fallacy of relevance:
· 8
Identify the fallacy: There are more churches in New York City than in any other city in the USA. New York City also has the highest amount of violent crime than any other city. It’s pretty obvious that to relieve the crime problem we should reduce the churches.
· 9
This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
· 10
Identify the fallacy: The Bible says we should do to others what we would have them to do for us. Therefore I have no problem sharing the questions and answers of this quiz with another student.
· 11
One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
· 12
A positive/negative approach is the weakest approach to take in presenting an argument.
· 13
Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
· 14
The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
· 15
Occam’s razor says:
· 16
In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
· 17
An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
· 18
An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
· 19
Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
· 20
An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
1 It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
2 A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
3 We know that the laws of logic are selfevident and undeniable because
4 In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
5 The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6 This may be the most wellknown fallacy of presumption:
7 Identify the fallacy: He's the third student I've caught cheating on the test. It just proves that you can't trust students these days.
8 The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
9 The red herring fallacy:
10 The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
11 A positive/negative approach is the weakest approach to take in presenting an argument.
12 The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
13 The explanation that can be understood with the least amount of effort, vagueness, and ambiguity has the best:
14 The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
15 One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
16 An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
17 A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
18 In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
19 Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
20 Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
1 The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
2 The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
3 A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
4 The “if” part of a hypothetical proposition is called the:
5 The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6 Identify the fallacy: He's the third student I've caught cheating on the test. It just proves that you can't trust students these days.
7 One should avoid using emotional language in an argument as it usually distorts and misleads the argument.
8 The fallacy of equivocation occurs when the meaning of a significant term changes in the middle of an argument.
9 This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
10 If a fallacy doesn’t break a formal rule, but there is still something wrong with the reasoning, it is called:
11 The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
12 The two great enemies of good arguments are:
13 Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
14 Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
15 A positive/negative approach is the weakest approach to take in presenting an argument.
16 Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
17 In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
18 An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
19 An analogy is an inductive argument.
20 An inference drawn from statistical reasoning is deductive.
1 The “if” part of a hypothetical proposition is called the:
2 In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
3 The law of excluded middle states
4 If an argument is sound, it means
5 The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6 The red herring fallacy:
7 A fallacy of relevance:
8 The fallacy of equivocation occurs when the meaning of a significant term changes in the middle of an argument.
9 The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
10 One should avoid using emotional language in an argument as it usually distorts and misleads the argument.
11 The two great enemies of good arguments are:
12 One way to defeat an argument using an example is to respond with a counterexample.
13 The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others:
14 A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
15 The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
16 Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
17 An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
18 An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
19 Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
20 An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:
1
We know that the laws of logic are self‑evident and undeniable because
2
If an argument is sound, it means
3
In a valid deductive argument the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
4
The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
5
According to the reading, even God cannot create a contradiction.
6
The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
7
This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
8
This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
9
Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re‑election campaign.
10
This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
11
Explanatory Scope refers to:
12
Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of an argument's validity?
13
In the best explanation approach, illumination
14
One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
15
The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others
16
A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
17
An analogy is an inductive argument.
18
If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
19
Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
20
The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
1 The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
2 A onetoone comparison between two or more things is:
3 It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
4 A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
5 The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
6 Identify the fallacy: He's the third student I've caught cheating on the test. It just proves that you can't trust students these days.
7 “Begging the question” is a fallacy of presumption.
8 Slippery slope and straw man are really doing the same thing, just in a different order.
9 The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
10 The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
11 One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
12 The two great enemies of good arguments are:
13 Plausibility is the aspect of a best explanation approach that
14 The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
15 Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of the ‘validity’ of an argument?
16 An analogy is an inductive argument.
17 Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
18 An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
19 The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
20 Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
