PHIL 201 Quiz 8 Ethical Foundations and Norms solutions complete answers

PHIL 201 Quiz 8 Ethical Foundations and Norms solutions complete answers 

 

Which medieval philosopher-theologian argued that reason and philosophy should be used as a subservient partners or servants to theology?

 

According to cognitivism:

 

A key intuition we hold is that we owe obligations to persons, not things, and this provides reason to think theism explains, whereas Platonic atheism does not, the reality of objective moral duties.

 

The branch of ethics that explores answer to the question, "What grounds moral facts?" is

 

According to emotivism, "murder is wrong" is understood to mean:

 

Aristotle believed that we can find virtue between the vices of excess and deficiency. This virtuous point in between the vices he called:

 

Alasdair MacIntyre is founded which modern ethical approach?

 

Teleological ethical theories are primarily concerned with commands to do right, and to avoid wrong-doing.

 

The Enlightenment philosopher               was one of the leading voices for deontological ethics.

The Enlightenment philosopher was one of the leading voices for deontological ethics.

 

John Stuart Mill, a pioneer of Utilitarian ethics, sought to find an objective morality through an ontological basis of morality.

 

Which branch of ethics attempts to answer moral questions and settle issues about what to do and who to be is:

 

If you believe that moral facts are mind-dependent then you think they are:

 

The authors describe the ancient concept of “eudaimonia” (what Aristotle believed to be the end/purpose of every man) as:

 

In Deontological ethics, “a rule or command that is universally and objectively applicable” is called a:

 

Deontological theories are primarily concerned with:

 

According to the atheist Bertrand Russell, if there is no God, then all we can do is build our lives on the firm foundation of unyielding despair.

 

One advantage of Theism over Platonic Atheism, is that:

 

Cultural relativism is a version of which metaethical theory:

 

Just because an individual (or group of individuals) believe something is the case, that doesn't mean it is the case.

 

Subjectivist metaethical theories are:

 

According to simple subjectivism, whatever an individual believes to be true is true (for that person).

 

Objectivist metaethical theories are:

 

Examples of noncogitivist metaethical theories include:

 

According to ethical naturalism, moral properties are:

 

Which branch of ethics asks nonmoral questions about morality?

 

The authors note that because Utilitarianism broadens its concern to all people or an entire community, it is an improvement on Egoism.

 

Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy rested on the assumption that there is a “universal rationality” shared by all people everywhere.

 

For MacIntyre, the process of judging the intellectual viability of ethical views is a 3-stage process. Which is NOT one of those stages?

 

Divine command theory is the ethical theory that claims ethical wrongness:

 

Normative Ethics is the branch of ethics that:

 

The authors conclude by endorsing which of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter?

 

Which distinction is made among Divine Command Theorists?

 

The authors use the quote by Ayn Rand, man “must live for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to other nor sacrificing other to himself” to describe which ethical theory?

 

Which of the following are objections to/weakness of utilitarianism provided by the authors?

 

A virtue is some positive characteristic of a person that is life- producing, beneficial, or helpful in nature.

 

Egoism necessarily entails the ideas that one should not help his neighbor and that one should do whatever he/she wants to do.

 

MacIntyre argues that ethics should be about constructing a unified approach to morality that applies to all people everywhere.

 

Which metaethical theory holds that morality is subjective and grounded in attitudes?

 

If you believe that moral facts are mind-independent then you think they are:

 

The branch of ethics that explores answer to the question, "Is abortion morally right or wrong?" is

 

Platonic Atheism is a version of which meta-ethical theory: